Migration in Santa Leopoldina/ES (2017–2022)

Santa Leopoldina/ES had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 12,330 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 960 in-migrants and lost 605 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +355 people (28.77 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.227. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Santa Leopoldina/ES, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	960	746 to 1,174	good
Out-migrants	605	377 to 833	use with caution
Net migration	+355	42 to 668	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	28.77	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.227	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 50-99 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Santa Leopoldina/ES
Origin	People	Precision
Vitória/ES · view pair in the atlas	190	use with caution
Cariacica/ES · view pair in the atlas	180	use with caution
Serra/ES · view pair in the atlas	95	low precision
Vila Velha/ES · view pair in the atlas	95	low precision
Santa Teresa/ES · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision
Santa Maria de Jetibá/ES · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision
Colatina/ES · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Santa Leopoldina/ES
Destination	People	Precision
Cariacica/ES · view pair in the atlas	175	low precision
Santa Maria de Jetibá/ES · view pair in the atlas	165	low precision
Domingos Martins/ES · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	455	47.4%	50-99
Multi-step migration	410	42.7%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	95	9.9%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	235	36.4%	20-49
Completed higher education	150	23.3%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	135	20.9%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	125	19.4%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	295	30.6%	50-99
1 to 2 minimum wages	245	25.4%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	190	19.7%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	145	15.0%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	90	9.3%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	150	15.6%	20-49
Ages 25–39, female	120	12.5%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	120	12.5%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	105	10.9%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	95	9.9%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	90	9.4%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	75	7.8%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	75	7.8%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	65	6.8%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	65	6.8%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	375	61.5%	20-49
Multi-step migration	190	31.1%	5-19
Other / suppressed	45	7.4%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	155	41.9%	5-19
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	145	39.2%	5-19
Other / suppressed	70	18.9%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	280	46.3%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	155	25.6%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	100	16.5%	5-19
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	40	6.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	30	5.0%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, female	90	15.0%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	80	13.3%	5-19
Other / suppressed	75	12.5%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	70	11.7%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	70	11.7%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	65	10.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	55	9.2%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	55	9.2%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	40	6.7%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	5,060	60.0%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,675	19.9%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,130	13.4%	100-499
Completed higher education	565	6.7%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	4,265	35.1%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	2,975	24.5%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	2,335	19.2%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,695	14.0%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	875	7.2%	100-499

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, male	1,910	16.8%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	1,670	14.7%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	1,290	11.4%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,230	10.8%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,185	10.4%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,135	10.0%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	810	7.1%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	770	6.8%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	710	6.3%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	645	5.7%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Santa Leopoldina/ES
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	6,335
Commute out to work in another municipality	395
Commute in from another municipality to work here	305
Net commuting	−90
Out-commuting rate (%)	6.25
Commuting attraction index	0.978
Median commuting time	60 min

Open Santa Leopoldina/ES in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Santa Leopoldina/ES. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/santa-leopoldina-es-3204500/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.