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Atlas of internal migration in Brazil 2022 Census · 2017–2022

Methodology of the atlas

This is a translation of the Portuguese original, which is the reference version. In case of any discrepancy, the Portuguese text prevails; estimates, caveats and IBGE notices apply as worded in the original.

Static version of the interactive atlas's methodology page. See also the glossary and the full document docs/METODOLOGIA.md in the project repository (in Portuguese).

Source and universe

The data come from IBGE's 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE is the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), sample microdata (controlled access), migration question (internal and international migration). The universe is the population aged 5 and over resident in 2022.

Fixed-date migrant

The municipality of residence on July 31, 2017 is compared with that on July 31, 2022. An internal migrant is someone who lived in another Brazilian municipality in 2017; an international migrant, someone who lived in another country; a non-migrant, someone who already lived in the same municipality (or has lived there for 6 years or more).

Indicators

Net migration
In-migrants minus out-migrants.
Net migration rate (TLM)
(Net migration / reference population) × 1,000, per 1,000 population.
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)
Net migration / (in-migrants + out-migrants), between −1 and 1.

Precision of the estimates

Every count comes from a sample and carries sampling error. Each published estimate gets a precision band based on the coefficient of variation (CV): good (CV up to 15%), use with caution (CV between 15% and 30%), low precision (CV above 30%).

Disclosure control

Before publication, an automatic gate (rules R1–R9) prevents any cell from identifying anyone: no flow or category with fewer than 5 people (weighted estimate) or 3 sampled households; breakdowns by characteristic only for flows with at least 20 sample observations; every weighted count rounded to multiples of 5; no exact sample count published, only ranges.

Aggregation levels

Besides the municipality, the atlas aggregates to immediate region, intermediate region and UF (state). At these levels, migration between municipalities of the same unit is not counted, suppressed pairs are left out of the sum, and no standard error is published.

Limitations

  • Fixed-date migration does not capture multiple moves within the five-year period.
  • Results may differ from IBGE's official tabulations (SIDRA).
  • Sampling error is estimated with a conservative cluster estimator (household as the primary sampling unit, weighting area as the stratum).

How to cite

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22469791 (all versions) / 10.5281/zenodo.23074215 (v2.1.0).

Data and content under CC BY 4.0, with attribution to IBGE as the primary source. Structured metadata in CITATION.cff.

Standard notice

Estimates produced by the author from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), subject to statistical disclosure control and sampling error; they may differ from IBGE's official tabulations (SIDRA).