Migration in Montanha/ES (2017–2022)

Montanha/ES had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 17,620 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 1,580 in-migrants and lost 1,275 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +300 people (17.07 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.105. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 0 arrived with an unreported origin and 25 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Montanha/ES, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	1,580	1,323 to 1,837	good
Out-migrants	1,275	927 to 1,623	good
Net migration	+300	−132 to 732	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	17.07	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.105	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Montanha/ES
Origin	People	Precision
Pinheiros/ES · view pair in the atlas	160	use with caution
Vitória/ES · view pair in the atlas	135	low precision
Mucurici/ES · view pair in the atlas	115	low precision
Nanuque/MG · view pair in the atlas	95	use with caution
Serra/ES · view pair in the atlas	85	low precision
Pedro Canário/ES · view pair in the atlas	75	low precision
Vila Velha/ES · view pair in the atlas	70	low precision
Ponto Belo/ES · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Jaguaré/ES · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision
Ecoporanga/ES · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Montanha/ES
Destination	People	Precision
São Mateus/ES · view pair in the atlas	120	low precision
Vitória/ES · view pair in the atlas	85	low precision
Ponto Belo/ES · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Teixeira de Freitas/BA · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Mucurici/ES · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Boa Esperança/ES · view pair in the atlas	40	low precision
Pinheiros/ES · view pair in the atlas	15	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	645	41.0%	100-499
First move from municipality of birth	605	38.4%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	325	20.6%	50-99

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	375	36.4%	50-99
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	295	28.6%	50-99
Completed higher education	195	18.9%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	165	16.0%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	605	38.3%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	460	29.1%	50-99
1 to 2 minimum wages	200	12.7%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	175	11.1%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	130	8.2%	20-49
Other / suppressed	10	0.6%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	295	18.7%	50-99
Ages 25–39, male	240	15.2%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	180	11.4%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	175	11.1%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	170	10.8%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	145	9.2%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	125	7.9%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	105	6.6%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, female	95	6.0%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	50	3.2%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	585	45.9%	50-99
First move from municipality of birth	570	44.7%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	120	9.4%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	275	33.5%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	270	32.9%	20-49
Completed higher education	175	21.3%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	100	12.2%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	330	25.8%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	270	21.1%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	235	18.4%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	230	18.0%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	205	16.0%	20-49
Other / suppressed	10	0.8%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	200	15.6%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	200	15.6%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	175	13.7%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	170	13.3%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	130	10.2%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	125	9.8%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	90	7.0%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	85	6.6%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	65	5.1%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	40	3.1%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	5,760	50.7%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	2,845	25.1%	>=500
Completed higher education	1,495	13.2%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,250	11.0%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	6,590	38.1%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	4,120	23.8%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	3,390	19.6%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,965	11.4%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	1,220	7.1%	100-499
Other / suppressed	15	0.1%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	2,370	14.8%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	2,280	14.2%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,760	11.0%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,745	10.9%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,635	10.2%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	1,505	9.4%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,195	7.5%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	1,165	7.3%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	1,160	7.2%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	1,120	7.0%	100-499
Other / suppressed	85	0.5%	5-19

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Montanha/ES
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	8,490
Commute out to work in another municipality	285
Commute in from another municipality to work here	350
Net commuting	+60
Out-commuting rate (%)	3.37
Commuting attraction index	0.999
Median commuting time	50 min

Open Montanha/ES in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Montanha/ES. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/montanha-es-3203502/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.