Migration in Caxias/MA (2017–2022)

Caxias/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 145,695 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 5,625 in-migrants and lost 10,755 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −5,130 people (−35.22 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.313. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 110 arrived with an unreported origin and 140 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Caxias/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	5,625	4,887 to 6,363	good
Out-migrants	10,755	9,698 to 11,812	good
Net migration	−5,130	−6,419 to −3,841	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−35.22	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.313	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: >=500 observations. Sample of out-migrants: >=500 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Caxias/MA
Origin	People	Precision
Timon/MA · view pair in the atlas	405	use with caution
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	390	use with caution
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	370	use with caution
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	275	use with caution
Codó/MA · view pair in the atlas	260	low precision
São João do Soter/MA · view pair in the atlas	240	low precision
Aldeias Altas/MA · view pair in the atlas	225	low precision
Rio de Janeiro/RJ · view pair in the atlas	210	low precision
Coelho Neto/MA · view pair in the atlas	175	low precision
Matões/MA · view pair in the atlas	155	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Caxias/MA
Destination	People	Precision
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	620	use with caution
Timon/MA · view pair in the atlas	530	use with caution
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	470	low precision
Uberaba/MG · view pair in the atlas	340	use with caution
Sorriso/MT · view pair in the atlas	330	use with caution
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	330	low precision
Aldeias Altas/MA · view pair in the atlas	275	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	200	low precision
Codó/MA · view pair in the atlas	190	low precision
Bacabal/MA · view pair in the atlas	190	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	2,435	43.3%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	1,835	32.6%	100-499
Multi-step migration	1,330	23.6%	100-499
Other / suppressed	25	0.4%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	1,235	38.2%	100-499
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	940	29.1%	50-99
Completed higher education	545	16.9%	50-99
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	510	15.8%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	1,610	28.6%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,440	25.6%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,320	23.5%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	655	11.7%	50-99
More than 2 minimum wages	565	10.1%	50-99
Other / suppressed	30	0.5%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	845	15.0%	50-99
Ages 25–39, male	810	14.4%	50-99
Ages 15–24, female	765	13.6%	50-99
Ages 5–14, male	605	10.8%	50-99
Ages 40–59, male	580	10.3%	50-99
Ages 15–24, male	545	9.7%	50-99
Ages 40–59, female	480	8.5%	50-99
Ages 5–14, female	475	8.4%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, female	280	5.0%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	240	4.3%	20-49

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	7,505	69.8%	>=500
Multi-step migration	2,095	19.5%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	1,155	10.7%	100-499

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	2,350	41.5%	100-499
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,565	27.7%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,020	18.0%	100-499
Completed higher education	725	12.8%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	3,505	32.6%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	2,415	22.4%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	2,155	20.0%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,545	14.4%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	995	9.2%	50-99
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	145	1.3%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	1,805	16.8%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,585	14.7%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	1,560	14.5%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,475	13.7%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	1,100	10.2%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	960	8.9%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	820	7.6%	50-99
Ages 40–59, female	790	7.3%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, female	330	3.1%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	325	3.0%	20-49

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	42,760	47.8%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	23,090	25.8%	>=500
Completed higher education	12,425	13.9%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	11,265	12.6%	>=500

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	45,330	30.0%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	43,670	28.9%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	39,705	26.3%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	15,215	10.1%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	7,035	4.7%	>=500
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	140	0.1%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	18,820	13.5%	>=500
Ages 25–39, female	17,405	12.4%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	16,235	11.6%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	15,720	11.2%	>=500
Ages 15–24, male	13,070	9.3%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	12,855	9.2%	>=500
Ages 5–14, male	12,305	8.8%	>=500
Ages 5–14, female	11,920	8.5%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, female	11,835	8.5%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, male	9,270	6.6%	>=500
Ages 40–59, sex undetermined	95	0.1%	5-19
Ages 25–39, sex undetermined	90	0.1%	5-19
Other / suppressed	80	0.1%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, sex undetermined	65	0.0%	5-19
Ages 5–14, sex undetermined	55	0.0%	5-19

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Caxias/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	54,225
Commute out to work in another municipality	2,300
Commute in from another municipality to work here	1,565
Net commuting	−735
Out-commuting rate (%)	4.24
Commuting attraction index	0.972
Median commuting time	60 min

This municipality is part of Região Metropolitana da Zona Leste do Estado do Maranhão → see the metropolitan region page

Open Caxias/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Caxias/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/caxias-ma-2103000/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.