Migration in Bacabal/MA (2017–2022)

Bacabal/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 96,100 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 5,020 in-migrants and lost 7,805 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −2,785 people (−29.00 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.217. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 50 arrived with an unreported origin and 65 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Bacabal/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	5,020	4,342 to 5,698	good
Out-migrants	7,805	6,912 to 8,698	good
Net migration	−2,785	−3,906 to −1,664	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−29.00	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.217	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: >=500 observations. Sample of out-migrants: >=500 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Bacabal/MA
Origin	People	Precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	570	use with caution
São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão/MA · view pair in the atlas	400	use with caution
Parauapebas/PA · view pair in the atlas	230	low precision
Lago Verde/MA · view pair in the atlas	215	use with caution
Caxias/MA · view pair in the atlas	190	low precision
Bom Lugar/MA · view pair in the atlas	175	low precision
Conceição do Lago-Açu/MA · view pair in the atlas	160	low precision
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	145	low precision
Codó/MA · view pair in the atlas	140	low precision
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	120	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Bacabal/MA
Destination	People	Precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	485	use with caution
Alto Alegre do Maranhão/MA · view pair in the atlas	290	low precision
Nova Mutum/MT · view pair in the atlas	200	low precision
Goiânia/GO · view pair in the atlas	190	low precision
Parauapebas/PA · view pair in the atlas	190	low precision
São Mateus do Maranhão/MA · view pair in the atlas	175	low precision
Coroatá/MA · view pair in the atlas	165	low precision
Sorriso/MT · view pair in the atlas	130	low precision
Catalão/GO · view pair in the atlas	125	low precision
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	125	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	2,125	42.3%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	1,575	31.4%	100-499
Multi-step migration	1,320	26.3%	100-499

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,025	35.2%	50-99
No schooling or incomplete elementary	905	31.1%	50-99
Completed higher education	520	17.9%	50-99
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	460	15.8%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	1,615	32.2%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,205	24.0%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	915	18.2%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	850	16.9%	50-99
More than 2 minimum wages	430	8.6%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	925	18.4%	50-99
Ages 15–24, female	765	15.2%	50-99
Ages 25–39, male	700	13.9%	50-99
Ages 15–24, male	515	10.2%	50-99
Ages 5–14, male	505	10.0%	50-99
Ages 40–59, male	500	10.0%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	450	9.0%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	320	6.4%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	175	3.5%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	170	3.4%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	5,740	73.5%	>=500
Multi-step migration	1,510	19.3%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	555	7.1%	50-99

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	1,585	36.5%	100-499
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,255	28.9%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	765	17.6%	50-99
Completed higher education	735	16.9%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	2,720	34.8%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	1,880	24.1%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,640	21.0%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	940	12.0%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	565	7.2%	50-99
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	60	0.8%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	1,410	18.1%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,345	17.2%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	1,095	14.0%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,075	13.8%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	735	9.4%	50-99
Ages 40–59, female	630	8.1%	50-99
Ages 5–14, male	555	7.1%	50-99
Ages 40–59, male	485	6.2%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, female	250	3.2%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	225	2.9%	20-49

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	25,920	44.7%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	17,775	30.7%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	7,520	13.0%	>=500
Completed higher education	6,735	11.6%	>=500

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	33,365	33.8%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	28,635	29.0%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	18,975	19.2%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	12,465	12.6%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	5,115	5.2%	100-499
Other / suppressed	25	0.0%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	12,295	13.5%	>=500
Ages 25–39, female	11,760	12.9%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	10,780	11.9%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	10,515	11.6%	>=500
Ages 15–24, male	8,610	9.5%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	8,585	9.4%	>=500
Ages 5–14, male	8,100	8.9%	>=500
Ages 5–14, female	7,725	8.5%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, female	7,205	7.9%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, male	5,390	5.9%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Bacabal/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	41,400
Commute out to work in another municipality	1,325
Commute in from another municipality to work here	1,260
Net commuting	−60
Out-commuting rate (%)	3.20
Commuting attraction index	0.976
Median commuting time	42 min

Open Bacabal/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Bacabal/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/bacabal-ma-2101202/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.