Migration in São João do Soter/MA (2017–2022)

São João do Soter/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 15,520 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 675 in-migrants and lost 810 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −140 people (−8.96 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.094. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 20 arrived with an unreported origin and 15 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for São João do Soter/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	675	502 to 848	good
Out-migrants	810	502 to 1,118	use with caution
Net migration	−140	−493 to 213	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−8.96	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.094	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 50-99 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to São João do Soter/MA
Origin	People	Precision
Caxias/MA · view pair in the atlas	150	use with caution
Codó/MA · view pair in the atlas	65	low precision
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision
Gonçalves Dias/MA · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	30	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from São João do Soter/MA
Destination	People	Precision
Caxias/MA · view pair in the atlas	240	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	290	43.0%	50-99
Multi-step migration	275	40.7%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	110	16.3%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	240	53.3%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	105	23.3%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	70	15.6%	5-19
Completed higher education	35	7.8%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	270	40.3%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	195	29.1%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	125	18.7%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	70	10.4%	5-19
Other / suppressed	10	1.5%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	105	15.4%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	85	12.5%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	85	12.5%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	80	11.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	75	11.0%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	70	10.3%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	55	8.1%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	55	8.1%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	45	6.6%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	25	3.7%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	405	50.0%	20-49
Multi-step migration	345	42.6%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	60	7.4%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	210	71.2%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	55	18.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	30	10.2%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	275	34.0%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	275	34.0%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	105	13.0%	5-19
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	100	12.3%	5-19
Other / suppressed	55	6.8%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, female	260	32.1%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	100	12.3%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	95	11.7%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	95	11.7%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	65	8.0%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	55	6.8%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	55	6.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	45	5.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	40	4.9%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	5,945	69.0%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,305	15.2%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	960	11.1%	100-499
Completed higher education	400	4.6%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	6,590	40.7%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	4,560	28.2%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	4,110	25.4%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	805	5.0%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	110	0.7%	20-49
Other / suppressed	0	0.0%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	1,720	11.6%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	1,675	11.3%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,660	11.2%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	1,540	10.4%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	1,540	10.4%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,520	10.3%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	1,465	9.9%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,430	9.7%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,150	7.8%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	1,105	7.5%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for São João do Soter/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	3,890
Commute out to work in another municipality	260
Commute in from another municipality to work here	360
Net commuting	+100
Out-commuting rate (%)	6.68
Commuting attraction index	0.996
Median commuting time	40 min

This municipality is part of Região Metropolitana da Zona Leste do Estado do Maranhão → see the metropolitan region page

Open São João do Soter/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: São João do Soter/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/sao-joao-do-soter-ma-2111078/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.