Migration in Castelo/ES (2017–2022)

Castelo/ES had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 34,800 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 2,550 in-migrants and lost 1,405 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +1,145 people (32.83 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.289. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 5 arrived with an unreported origin and 20 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Castelo/ES, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	2,550	2,052 to 3,048	good
Out-migrants	1,405	1,066 to 1,744	good
Net migration	+1,145	543 to 1,747	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	32.83	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.289	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Castelo/ES
Origin	People	Precision
Cachoeiro de Itapemirim/ES · view pair in the atlas	670	use with caution
Vitória/ES · view pair in the atlas	145	low precision
Alegre/ES · view pair in the atlas	130	low precision
Rio de Janeiro/RJ · view pair in the atlas	120	low precision
Venda Nova do Imigrante/ES · view pair in the atlas	105	low precision
Muniz Freire/ES · view pair in the atlas	100	low precision
Conceição do Castelo/ES · view pair in the atlas	70	low precision
Vargem Alta/ES · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Vila Velha/ES · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Castelo/ES
Destination	People	Precision
Cachoeiro de Itapemirim/ES · view pair in the atlas	375	use with caution
Venda Nova do Imigrante/ES · view pair in the atlas	195	use with caution
Vargem Alta/ES · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Vitória/ES · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Muniz Freire/ES · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision
Conceição do Castelo/ES · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
Jerônimo Monteiro/ES · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	1,090	42.7%	100-499
First move from municipality of birth	920	36.1%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	540	21.2%	50-99

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	545	33.0%	50-99
Completed higher education	485	29.4%	20-49
No schooling or incomplete elementary	385	23.3%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	235	14.2%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	765	30.0%	50-99
1 to 2 minimum wages	695	27.3%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	550	21.6%	50-99
More than 2 minimum wages	430	16.9%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	110	4.3%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	610	23.9%	50-99
Ages 25–39, male	415	16.3%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	285	11.2%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	240	9.4%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	215	8.4%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	195	7.6%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	190	7.5%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	190	7.5%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, female	120	4.7%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	90	3.5%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	740	52.7%	50-99
Multi-step migration	475	33.8%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	190	13.5%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	330	35.7%	20-49
No schooling or incomplete elementary	300	32.4%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	180	19.5%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	115	12.4%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	465	33.0%	50-99
More than 2 minimum wages	320	22.7%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	310	22.0%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	265	18.8%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	30	2.1%	5-19
Other / suppressed	20	1.4%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	310	22.1%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	205	14.6%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	190	13.5%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	180	12.8%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	140	10.0%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	110	7.8%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	110	7.8%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	70	5.0%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	60	4.3%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	30	2.1%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	10,760	44.3%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	6,490	26.7%	>=500
Completed higher education	3,515	14.5%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	3,510	14.5%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	12,560	36.6%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	10,990	32.0%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	4,680	13.6%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	4,515	13.1%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,575	4.6%	100-499
Other / suppressed	35	0.1%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	5,085	15.8%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	5,025	15.6%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	3,680	11.4%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	3,665	11.4%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	3,525	10.9%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	3,295	10.2%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	2,185	6.8%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	2,125	6.6%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	1,885	5.8%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	1,760	5.5%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Castelo/ES
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	19,275
Commute out to work in another municipality	905
Commute in from another municipality to work here	975
Net commuting	+75
Out-commuting rate (%)	4.69
Commuting attraction index	0.986
Median commuting time	50 min

Open Castelo/ES in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Castelo/ES. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/castelo-es-3201407/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.