Migration in Santos/SP (2017–2022)

Santos/SP had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 401,530 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 30,630 in-migrants and lost 35,770 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −5,140 people (−12.80 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.077. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 165 arrived with an unreported origin and 1,165 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Santos/SP, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	30,630	28,919 to 32,341	good
Out-migrants	35,770	33,823 to 37,717	good
Net migration	−5,140	−7,732 to −2,548	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−12.80	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.077	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: >=500 observations. Sample of out-migrants: >=500 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Santos/SP
Origin	People	Precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	7,395	good
São Vicente/SP · view pair in the atlas	4,260	good
Guarujá/SP · view pair in the atlas	1,950	good
Praia Grande/SP · view pair in the atlas	1,855	good
Cubatão/SP · view pair in the atlas	975	use with caution
Rio de Janeiro/RJ · view pair in the atlas	830	use with caution
São Bernardo do Campo/SP · view pair in the atlas	500	use with caution
Santo André/SP · view pair in the atlas	365	use with caution
Curitiba/PR · view pair in the atlas	350	use with caution
Aracaju/SE · view pair in the atlas	255	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Santos/SP
Destination	People	Precision
São Vicente/SP · view pair in the atlas	5,880	good
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	3,745	good
Praia Grande/SP · view pair in the atlas	3,525	good
Cubatão/SP · view pair in the atlas	830	use with caution
Guarujá/SP · view pair in the atlas	775	use with caution
São José dos Campos/SP · view pair in the atlas	460	low precision
Campinas/SP · view pair in the atlas	455	low precision
São Bernardo do Campo/SP · view pair in the atlas	415	low precision
Rio de Janeiro/RJ · view pair in the atlas	345	low precision
Sorocaba/SP · view pair in the atlas	340	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	11,825	38.6%	>=500
Multi-step migration	11,155	36.4%	>=500
Return to municipality of birth	7,385	24.1%	>=500
Born abroad, internal migrant	265	0.9%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	13,325	58.4%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	6,790	29.7%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	1,390	6.1%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,325	5.8%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	17,525	57.2%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	6,820	22.3%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	3,680	12.0%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,275	4.2%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,185	3.9%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	145	0.5%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	4,970	16.2%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	4,455	14.5%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	4,350	14.2%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	3,730	12.2%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	3,205	10.5%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	2,495	8.1%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	2,120	6.9%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,835	6.0%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	1,785	5.8%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	1,690	5.5%	100-499

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	18,255	51.0%	>=500
Multi-step migration	12,285	34.3%	>=500
Return to municipality of birth	5,035	14.1%	100-499
Born abroad, internal migrant	195	0.5%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	10,115	38.4%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	9,140	34.7%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	4,200	15.9%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	2,910	11.0%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	12,540	35.1%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	9,285	26.0%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	7,135	19.9%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	3,410	9.5%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	2,520	7.0%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	880	2.5%	50-99

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	6,005	16.8%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	5,750	16.1%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	5,100	14.3%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	4,760	13.3%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	2,750	7.7%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	2,705	7.6%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	2,255	6.3%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	2,205	6.2%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	2,195	6.1%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	2,045	5.7%	100-499

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	107,330	37.4%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	98,360	34.3%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	48,660	17.0%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	32,620	11.4%	>=500

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	156,275	40.4%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	105,270	27.2%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	72,020	18.6%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	27,035	7.0%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	24,725	6.4%	>=500
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	1,325	0.3%	100-499

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 60 and over, female	63,175	17.1%	>=500
Ages 40–59, female	62,235	16.8%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	49,655	13.4%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, male	40,100	10.9%	>=500
Ages 25–39, female	37,530	10.2%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	34,285	9.3%	>=500
Ages 15–24, male	22,310	6.0%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	21,250	5.7%	>=500
Ages 5–14, male	20,190	5.5%	>=500
Ages 5–14, female	18,845	5.1%	>=500

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Santos/SP
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	188,030
Commute out to work in another municipality	21,360
Commute in from another municipality to work here	78,845
Net commuting	+57,485
Out-commuting rate (%)	11.36
Commuting attraction index	1.268
Median commuting time	60 min

This municipality is part of Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista → see the metropolitan region page

Open Santos/SP in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Santos/SP. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/santos-sp-3548500/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.