Migration in São Bernardo do Campo/SP (2017–2022)

São Bernardo do Campo/SP had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 768,930 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 41,645 in-migrants and lost 58,400 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −16,755 people (−21.79 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.168. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 610 arrived with an unreported origin and 1,330 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for São Bernardo do Campo/SP, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	41,645	38,793 to 44,497	good
Out-migrants	58,400	55,647 to 61,153	good
Net migration	−16,755	−20,719 to −12,791	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−21.79	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.168	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: >=500 observations. Sample of out-migrants: >=500 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to São Bernardo do Campo/SP
Origin	People	Precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	11,140	good
Diadema/SP · view pair in the atlas	6,840	good
Santo André/SP · view pair in the atlas	5,390	good
Mauá/SP · view pair in the atlas	1,120	use with caution
São Caetano do Sul/SP · view pair in the atlas	970	use with caution
Guarulhos/SP · view pair in the atlas	515	low precision
Santos/SP · view pair in the atlas	415	low precision
Praia Grande/SP · view pair in the atlas	295	low precision
Ribeirão Pires/SP · view pair in the atlas	270	low precision
Osasco/SP · view pair in the atlas	250	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from São Bernardo do Campo/SP
Destination	People	Precision
Santo André/SP · view pair in the atlas	9,165	good
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	6,185	good
Diadema/SP · view pair in the atlas	3,155	good
São Caetano do Sul/SP · view pair in the atlas	1,740	good
Sorocaba/SP · view pair in the atlas	1,285	use with caution
Praia Grande/SP · view pair in the atlas	1,255	use with caution
Indaiatuba/SP · view pair in the atlas	1,010	use with caution
Itanhaém/SP · view pair in the atlas	895	use with caution
Mauá/SP · view pair in the atlas	695	use with caution
Jundiaí/SP · view pair in the atlas	565	use with caution

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	20,495	49.2%	>=500
Multi-step migration	16,420	39.4%	>=500
Return to municipality of birth	4,650	11.2%	100-499
Other / suppressed	85	0.2%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	13,120	46.5%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	10,005	35.4%	100-499
No schooling or incomplete elementary	2,890	10.2%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	2,220	7.9%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	17,185	41.3%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	10,990	26.4%	100-499
½ to 1 minimum wage	7,035	16.9%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	3,880	9.3%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	2,395	5.8%	100-499
Other / suppressed	160	0.4%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	8,415	20.2%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	6,845	16.4%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	4,975	11.9%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	4,815	11.6%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	3,765	9.0%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	3,390	8.1%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	3,335	8.0%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	2,910	7.0%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,980	4.8%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, male	1,205	2.9%	50-99

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	27,480	47.1%	>=500
First move from municipality of birth	22,020	37.7%	>=500
Return to municipality of birth	8,690	14.9%	>=500
Born abroad, internal migrant	205	0.4%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	18,045	41.6%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	14,945	34.5%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	6,120	14.1%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	4,235	9.8%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	23,265	39.8%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	14,190	24.3%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	10,770	18.4%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	5,695	9.8%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	3,455	5.9%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	1,025	1.8%	100-499

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	9,995	17.1%	>=500
Ages 25–39, female	9,725	16.7%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	8,750	15.0%	>=500
Ages 40–59, female	8,290	14.2%	>=500
Ages 5–14, male	4,330	7.4%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	3,750	6.4%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	3,750	6.4%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	3,550	6.1%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	3,230	5.5%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	3,035	5.2%	100-499

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	207,070	38.7%	>=500
Completed higher education	150,170	28.1%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	108,050	20.2%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	70,010	13.1%	>=500

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	231,290	30.1%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	212,200	27.7%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	184,090	24.0%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	76,990	10.0%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	62,040	8.1%	>=500
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	540	0.1%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	122,720	16.9%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	106,230	14.6%	>=500
Ages 25–39, female	87,230	12.0%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	81,460	11.2%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, female	78,800	10.9%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, male	58,865	8.1%	>=500
Ages 15–24, male	50,730	7.0%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	48,795	6.7%	>=500
Ages 5–14, male	46,815	6.5%	>=500
Ages 5–14, female	43,695	6.0%	>=500

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for São Bernardo do Campo/SP
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	394,015
Commute out to work in another municipality	88,545
Commute in from another municipality to work here	78,420
Net commuting	−10,125
Out-commuting rate (%)	22.47
Commuting attraction index	0.913
Median commuting time	60 min

This municipality is part of Região Metropolitana de São Paulo → see the metropolitan region page

Open São Bernardo do Campo/SP in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: São Bernardo do Campo/SP. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/sao-bernardo-do-campo-sp-3548708/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.