Migration in Poços de Caldas/MG (2017–2022)

Poços de Caldas/MG had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 155,310 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 9,245 in-migrants and lost 8,985 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +265 people (1.70 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.015. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 45 arrived with an unreported origin and 450 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Poços de Caldas/MG, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	9,245	8,357 to 10,133	good
Out-migrants	8,985	8,033 to 9,937	good
Net migration	+265	−1,037 to 1,567	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	1.70	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.015	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: >=500 observations. Sample of out-migrants: >=500 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Poços de Caldas/MG
Origin	People	Precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	1,100	good
Belo Horizonte/MG · view pair in the atlas	375	use with caution
Alfenas/MG · view pair in the atlas	340	use with caution
Campinas/SP · view pair in the atlas	225	use with caution
Caldas/MG · view pair in the atlas	220	low precision
Pouso Alegre/MG · view pair in the atlas	220	use with caution
Andradas/MG · view pair in the atlas	220	low precision
Machado/MG · view pair in the atlas	180	low precision
Rio de Janeiro/RJ · view pair in the atlas	180	low precision
São João da Boa Vista/SP · view pair in the atlas	150	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Poços de Caldas/MG
Destination	People	Precision
Caldas/MG · view pair in the atlas	615	good
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	590	use with caution
Campestre/MG · view pair in the atlas	290	low precision
Botelhos/MG · view pair in the atlas	285	use with caution
Pouso Alegre/MG · view pair in the atlas	285	low precision
Campinas/SP · view pair in the atlas	265	low precision
Andradas/MG · view pair in the atlas	265	low precision
Juiz de Fora/MG · view pair in the atlas	260	low precision
Bandeira do Sul/MG · view pair in the atlas	220	use with caution
Alfenas/MG · view pair in the atlas	215	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	4,245	45.9%	100-499
Multi-step migration	3,705	40.1%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	1,285	13.9%	100-499
Other / suppressed	10	0.1%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	2,620	41.8%	100-499
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	2,230	35.6%	100-499
No schooling or incomplete elementary	760	12.1%	50-99
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	655	10.5%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	3,110	33.6%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	2,705	29.2%	100-499
½ to 1 minimum wage	2,260	24.4%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	825	8.9%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	315	3.4%	20-49
Other / suppressed	35	0.4%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	1,700	18.4%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,565	16.9%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	1,200	13.0%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	960	10.4%	50-99
Ages 15–24, female	925	10.0%	50-99
Ages 15–24, male	880	9.5%	50-99
Ages 5–14, male	610	6.6%	50-99
Ages 5–14, female	570	6.2%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, female	445	4.8%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	390	4.2%	20-49

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	4,015	44.7%	100-499
First move from municipality of birth	3,165	35.2%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	1,765	19.6%	100-499
Other / suppressed	40	0.4%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	2,555	39.3%	100-499
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,965	30.2%	100-499
No schooling or incomplete elementary	1,115	17.1%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	870	13.4%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	2,955	32.9%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	2,545	28.4%	100-499
½ to 1 minimum wage	1,975	22.0%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	920	10.3%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	375	4.2%	50-99
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	205	2.3%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	1,780	19.8%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,725	19.2%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	1,070	11.9%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	895	10.0%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	705	7.9%	50-99
Ages 15–24, male	620	6.9%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, female	590	6.6%	50-99
Ages 5–14, male	580	6.5%	50-99
Ages 5–14, female	565	6.3%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, male	450	5.0%	50-99

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	35,805	32.9%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	32,095	29.5%	>=500
Completed higher education	24,235	22.3%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	16,685	15.3%	>=500

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	54,680	35.5%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	43,240	28.1%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	33,640	21.8%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	15,590	10.1%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	6,600	4.3%	>=500
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	245	0.2%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	22,785	15.7%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	20,515	14.1%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, female	18,150	12.5%	>=500
Ages 25–39, female	17,240	11.8%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	16,535	11.4%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, male	13,595	9.3%	>=500
Ages 15–24, male	10,095	6.9%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	9,705	6.7%	>=500
Ages 5–14, male	8,715	6.0%	>=500
Ages 5–14, female	8,230	5.7%	>=500

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Poços de Caldas/MG
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	87,440
Commute out to work in another municipality	1,855
Commute in from another municipality to work here	3,870
Net commuting	+2,020
Out-commuting rate (%)	2.12
Commuting attraction index	0.994
Median commuting time	50 min

Open Poços de Caldas/MG in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Poços de Caldas/MG. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/pocos-de-caldas-mg-3151800/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.