Migration in Caldas/MG (2017–2022)

Caldas/MG had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 13,490 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 1,380 in-migrants and lost 640 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +740 people (54.77 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.366. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 5 arrived with an unreported origin and 5 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Caldas/MG, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	1,380	1,129 to 1,631	good
Out-migrants	640	411 to 869	use with caution
Net migration	+740	400 to 1,080	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	54.77	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.366	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 50-99 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Caldas/MG
Origin	People	Precision
Poços de Caldas/MG · view pair in the atlas	615	good
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	90	low precision
Santa Rita de Caldas/MG · view pair in the atlas	75	low precision
Campinas/SP · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Andradas/MG · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision
Palmeira dos Índios/AL · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Caldas/MG
Destination	People	Precision
Poços de Caldas/MG · view pair in the atlas	220	low precision
Campestre/MG · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision
Andradas/MG · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision
Bandeira do Sul/MG · view pair in the atlas	40	low precision
Santa Rita de Caldas/MG · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision
Ibitiúra de Minas/MG · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	665	48.2%	100-499
Multi-step migration	570	41.3%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	145	10.5%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	330	34.0%	50-99
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	245	25.3%	50-99
Completed higher education	200	20.6%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	195	20.1%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	510	37.0%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	355	25.7%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	220	15.9%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	215	15.6%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	80	5.8%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	225	16.3%	50-99
Ages 40–59, male	215	15.6%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	180	13.0%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	165	12.0%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	120	8.7%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	115	8.3%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	110	8.0%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	95	6.9%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	85	6.2%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, female	70	5.1%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	370	57.8%	50-99
Multi-step migration	190	29.7%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	80	12.5%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	125	28.4%	5-19
Completed higher education	115	26.1%	5-19
No schooling or incomplete elementary	110	25.0%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	90	20.5%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	270	42.2%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	155	24.2%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	110	17.2%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	100	15.6%	20-49
Other / suppressed	5	0.8%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	145	22.8%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	115	18.1%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	80	12.6%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	70	11.0%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	60	9.4%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	50	7.9%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	40	6.3%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	35	5.5%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	30	4.7%	5-19
Other / suppressed	10	1.6%	<5

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	5,055	54.1%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,930	20.7%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,395	14.9%	100-499
Completed higher education	960	10.3%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	4,705	36.7%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	3,680	28.7%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	2,140	16.7%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	1,575	12.3%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	685	5.3%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	45	0.4%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	1,895	15.7%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	1,885	15.6%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,615	13.3%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	1,610	13.3%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,205	10.0%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,135	9.4%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	775	6.4%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	690	5.7%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	665	5.5%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	630	5.2%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Caldas/MG
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	6,560
Commute out to work in another municipality	690
Commute in from another municipality to work here	355
Net commuting	−340
Out-commuting rate (%)	10.56
Commuting attraction index	0.936
Median commuting time	30 min

Open Caldas/MG in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Caldas/MG. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/caldas-mg-3110301/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.