Migration in Pinheiro/MA (2017–2022)

Pinheiro/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 78,080 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 3,555 in-migrants and lost 5,940 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −2,385 people (−30.55 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.251. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 50 arrived with an unreported origin and 20 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Pinheiro/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	3,555	2,982 to 4,128	good
Out-migrants	5,940	5,089 to 6,791	good
Net migration	−2,385	−3,410 to −1,360	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−30.55	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.251	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: >=500 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Pinheiro/MA
Origin	People	Precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	755	use with caution
Santa Helena/MA · view pair in the atlas	215	use with caution
Presidente Sarney/MA · view pair in the atlas	175	low precision
Turiaçu/MA · view pair in the atlas	120	low precision
Governador Nunes Freire/MA · view pair in the atlas	120	low precision
Carutapera/MA · view pair in the atlas	100	low precision
Palmeirândia/MA · view pair in the atlas	100	low precision
Rio de Janeiro/RJ · view pair in the atlas	100	low precision
Manaus/AM · view pair in the atlas	95	low precision
Belém/PA · view pair in the atlas	90	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Pinheiro/MA
Destination	People	Precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	1,410	use with caution
Cururupu/MA · view pair in the atlas	255	low precision
Chapecó/SC · view pair in the atlas	175	low precision
Parauapebas/PA · view pair in the atlas	170	low precision
São José de Ribamar/MA · view pair in the atlas	170	low precision
Timbó/SC · view pair in the atlas	130	low precision
Santa Helena/MA · view pair in the atlas	125	low precision
Presidente Sarney/MA · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
Ponta Grossa/PR · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
São Bento/MA · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	1,510	42.5%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	1,050	29.6%	100-499
Multi-step migration	980	27.6%	50-99
Other / suppressed	10	0.3%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	815	38.8%	50-99
No schooling or incomplete elementary	685	32.6%	50-99
Completed higher education	355	16.9%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	245	11.7%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	935	26.3%	50-99
½ to 1 minimum wage	910	25.6%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	820	23.1%	50-99
1 to 2 minimum wages	420	11.8%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	305	8.6%	20-49
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	160	4.5%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	640	18.0%	50-99
Ages 25–39, male	610	17.1%	50-99
Ages 5–14, female	410	11.5%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	390	11.0%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	390	11.0%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	380	10.7%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	280	7.9%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	265	7.4%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	150	4.2%	5-19
Other / suppressed	45	1.3%	<5

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	4,310	72.6%	100-499
Multi-step migration	1,165	19.6%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	465	7.8%	50-99

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,205	41.2%	100-499
No schooling or incomplete elementary	795	27.2%	50-99
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	520	17.8%	50-99
Completed higher education	405	13.8%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	1,780	30.0%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	1,755	29.6%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,125	19.0%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	655	11.0%	50-99
More than 2 minimum wages	520	8.8%	20-49
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	100	1.7%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, male	1,030	17.3%	50-99
Ages 15–24, female	1,015	17.1%	50-99
Ages 25–39, female	1,015	17.1%	50-99
Ages 25–39, male	990	16.7%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	525	8.8%	50-99
Ages 40–59, female	455	7.7%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	445	7.5%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	290	4.9%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, female	120	2.0%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	55	0.9%	5-19
Other / suppressed	0	0.0%	<5

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	22,475	46.6%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	14,525	30.1%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	7,150	14.8%	>=500
Completed higher education	4,065	8.4%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	24,135	29.8%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	23,795	29.4%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	19,065	23.5%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	10,800	13.3%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	3,085	3.8%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	115	0.1%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	10,055	13.5%	>=500
Ages 40–59, female	9,900	13.3%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	8,930	12.0%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	8,795	11.8%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	6,665	9.0%	>=500
Ages 5–14, male	6,565	8.8%	>=500
Ages 15–24, male	6,540	8.8%	>=500
Ages 5–14, female	6,415	8.6%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, female	5,695	7.6%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, male	4,805	6.5%	100-499
Other / suppressed	90	0.1%	5-19

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Pinheiro/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	30,380
Commute out to work in another municipality	2,060
Commute in from another municipality to work here	1,180
Net commuting	−880
Out-commuting rate (%)	6.78
Commuting attraction index	0.945
Median commuting time	55 min

Open Pinheiro/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Pinheiro/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/pinheiro-ma-2108603/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.