Migration in Santa Helena/MA (2017–2022)

Santa Helena/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 38,520 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 785 in-migrants and lost 2,545 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −1,760 people (−45.68 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.528. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 0 arrived with an unreported origin and 50 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Santa Helena/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	785	508 to 1,062	use with caution
Out-migrants	2,545	2,016 to 3,074	good
Net migration	−1,760	−2,356 to −1,164	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−45.68	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.528	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 50-99 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Santa Helena/MA
Origin	People	Precision
Pinheiro/MA · view pair in the atlas	125	low precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
Turilândia/MA · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
Governador Nunes Freire/MA · view pair in the atlas	75	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Santa Helena/MA
Destination	People	Precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	345	low precision
Pinheiro/MA · view pair in the atlas	215	use with caution
Turilândia/MA · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
Santa Luzia do Paruá/MA · view pair in the atlas	90	low precision
São José de Ribamar/MA · view pair in the atlas	90	low precision
Cascavel/PR · view pair in the atlas	75	low precision
Três Lagoas/MS · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision
Sinop/MT · view pair in the atlas	40	low precision
Campestre da Serra/RS · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision
Presidente Sarney/MA · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Return to municipality of birth	335	42.7%	20-49
First move from municipality of birth	250	31.8%	20-49
Multi-step migration	200	25.5%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	185	43.5%	5-19
No schooling or incomplete elementary	135	31.8%	5-19
Completed higher education	60	14.1%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	45	10.6%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	270	34.2%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	240	30.4%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	150	19.0%	5-19
More than 2 minimum wages	75	9.5%	5-19
1 to 2 minimum wages	55	7.0%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 5–14, female	160	20.4%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	150	19.1%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	110	14.0%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	100	12.7%	5-19
Other / suppressed	85	10.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	70	8.9%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	65	8.3%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	45	5.7%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	2,105	82.7%	100-499
Multi-step migration	335	13.2%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	105	4.1%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	485	36.7%	50-99
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	455	34.5%	50-99
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	220	16.7%	20-49
Completed higher education	160	12.1%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	840	32.9%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	740	29.0%	50-99
1 to 2 minimum wages	515	20.2%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	290	11.4%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	130	5.1%	5-19
Other / suppressed	35	1.4%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	465	18.2%	50-99
Ages 15–24, male	460	18.0%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	340	13.3%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	320	12.5%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	280	11.0%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	220	8.6%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	190	7.5%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	115	4.5%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	90	3.5%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	70	2.7%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	13,070	58.2%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	5,305	23.6%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	3,080	13.7%	100-499
Completed higher education	995	4.4%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	14,530	35.7%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	12,845	31.5%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	10,750	26.4%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	1,845	4.5%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	755	1.9%	50-99

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	4,895	13.0%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	4,505	12.0%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	4,160	11.0%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	3,965	10.5%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	3,890	10.3%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	3,880	10.3%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	3,745	9.9%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	3,715	9.9%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	2,540	6.7%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	2,390	6.3%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Santa Helena/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	10,425
Commute out to work in another municipality	760
Commute in from another municipality to work here	660
Net commuting	−100
Out-commuting rate (%)	7.28
Commuting attraction index	0.969
Median commuting time	30 min

Open Santa Helena/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Santa Helena/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/santa-helena-ma-2109809/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.