Migration in São Bento/MA (2017–2022)

São Bento/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 42,780 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 1,710 in-migrants and lost 2,595 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −885 people (−20.74 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.206. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 15 arrived with an unreported origin and 10 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for São Bento/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	1,710	1,219 to 2,201	good
Out-migrants	2,595	2,041 to 3,149	good
Net migration	−885	−1,625 to −145	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−20.74	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.206	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to São Bento/MA
Origin	People	Precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	310	low precision
São Vicente Ferrer/MA · view pair in the atlas	125	low precision
Pinheiro/MA · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
Palmeirândia/MA · view pair in the atlas	95	low precision
Planura/MG · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from São Bento/MA
Destination	People	Precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	520	use with caution
São José de Ribamar/MA · view pair in the atlas	175	low precision
Gaspar/SC · view pair in the atlas	165	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	155	low precision
Uberaba/MG · view pair in the atlas	140	low precision
Joinville/SC · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
Blumenau/SC · view pair in the atlas	105	low precision
Paço do Lumiar/MA · view pair in the atlas	65	low precision
Palmeirândia/MA · view pair in the atlas	65	low precision
Pinheiro/MA · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	720	42.1%	50-99
Multi-step migration	545	31.9%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	445	26.0%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	325	36.3%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	310	34.6%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	200	22.3%	5-19
Completed higher education	60	6.7%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	630	36.7%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	545	31.8%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	415	24.2%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	70	4.1%	5-19
More than 2 minimum wages	45	2.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	10	0.6%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 5–14, female	295	17.3%	20-49
Ages 25–39, female	250	14.6%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	245	14.3%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	205	12.0%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	180	10.5%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	175	10.2%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	175	10.2%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	95	5.6%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	65	3.8%	5-19
Other / suppressed	25	1.5%	<5

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	2,030	78.1%	100-499
Multi-step migration	405	15.6%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	165	6.3%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	705	49.3%	50-99
No schooling or incomplete elementary	390	27.3%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	250	17.5%	20-49
Completed higher education	85	5.9%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	960	37.1%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	635	24.5%	50-99
1 to 2 minimum wages	610	23.6%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	235	9.1%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	150	5.8%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	530	20.4%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	470	18.1%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	455	17.5%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	360	13.9%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	220	8.5%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	185	7.1%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	145	5.6%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	125	4.8%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	100	3.9%	5-19
Other / suppressed	5	0.2%	<5

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	13,760	52.6%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	6,835	26.1%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	4,505	17.2%	100-499
Completed higher education	1,070	4.1%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	18,040	40.4%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	14,625	32.8%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	9,635	21.6%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	1,755	3.9%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	600	1.3%	50-99

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	5,360	13.1%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	5,270	12.8%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	5,120	12.5%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	4,825	11.8%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	3,945	9.6%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	3,765	9.2%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	3,585	8.7%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	3,575	8.7%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	3,060	7.5%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	2,535	6.2%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for São Bento/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	9,550
Commute out to work in another municipality	485
Commute in from another municipality to work here	265
Net commuting	−220
Out-commuting rate (%)	5.06
Commuting attraction index	0.955
Median commuting time	40 min

Open São Bento/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: São Bento/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/sao-bento-ma-2110500/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.