Migration in Vera Cruz/SP (2017–2022)

Vera Cruz/SP had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 9,650 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 565 in-migrants and lost 605 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −45 people (−4.42 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.036. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 10 arrived with an unreported origin and 0 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Vera Cruz/SP, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	565	414 to 716	good
Out-migrants	605	388 to 822	use with caution
Net migration	−45	−309 to 219	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−4.42	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.036	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 50-99 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Vera Cruz/SP
Origin	People	Precision
Marília/SP · view pair in the atlas	220	use with caution
Garça/SP · view pair in the atlas	105	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Vera Cruz/SP
Destination	People	Precision
Marília/SP · view pair in the atlas	285	use with caution
Fernão/SP · view pair in the atlas	5	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	305	54.0%	50-99
Multi-step migration	175	31.0%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	85	15.0%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	170	43.6%	20-49
Completed higher education	95	24.4%	20-49
No schooling or incomplete elementary	65	16.7%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	60	15.4%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	155	27.2%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	150	26.3%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	115	20.2%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	110	19.3%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	40	7.0%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	95	16.7%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	85	14.9%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	75	13.2%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	60	10.5%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	55	9.6%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	50	8.8%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	50	8.8%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	40	7.0%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	35	6.1%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	25	4.4%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	285	46.7%	20-49
Multi-step migration	225	36.9%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	100	16.4%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	165	34.4%	5-19
No schooling or incomplete elementary	160	33.3%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	125	26.0%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	30	6.2%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	195	32.2%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	190	31.4%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	130	21.5%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	70	11.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	20	3.3%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	95	15.6%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	95	15.6%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	95	15.6%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	85	13.9%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	75	12.3%	5-19
Other / suppressed	65	10.7%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	60	9.8%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	40	6.6%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	2,620	38.7%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	2,345	34.6%	100-499
Completed higher education	940	13.9%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	870	12.8%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	3,625	37.8%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	2,745	28.6%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	1,440	15.0%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,350	14.1%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	405	4.2%	50-99
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	35	0.4%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	1,400	15.4%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	1,350	14.9%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,285	14.2%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	955	10.5%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	900	9.9%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	885	9.7%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	650	7.2%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	585	6.4%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	565	6.2%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	505	5.6%	50-99

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Vera Cruz/SP
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	4,450
Commute out to work in another municipality	1,535
Commute in from another municipality to work here	160
Net commuting	−1,380
Out-commuting rate (%)	34.51
Commuting attraction index	0.653
Median commuting time	25 min

Open Vera Cruz/SP in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Vera Cruz/SP. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/vera-cruz-sp-3556602/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.