Migration in Turmalina/SP (2017–2022)
Turmalina/SP had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 1,605 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 160 in-migrants and lost 90 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +75 people (46.44 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.297. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction.
Indicators
Migration indicators for Turmalina/SP, 2017–2022
| Indicator | Estimate | 95% CI | Precision |
|---|
| In-migrants | 160 | 110 to 210 | use with caution |
|---|
| Out-migrants | 90 | 43 to 137 | use with caution |
|---|
| Net migration | +75 | 6 to 144 | not classified |
|---|
| Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.) | 46.44 | - | - |
|---|
| Migration effectiveness index (IEM) | 0.297 | - | - |
|---|
Sample of in-migrants: 50-99 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 20-49 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.
Top origins and destinations
Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Turmalina/SP
| Destination | People | Precision |
|---|
| No outflows published individually (below the disclosure threshold). |
Profile of migrants and residents
In-migrants (arrivals)
Migrant type
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| Multi-step migration | 95 | 57.6% | 20-49 |
|---|
| First move from municipality of birth | 60 | 36.4% | 20-49 |
|---|
| Other / suppressed | 10 | 6.1% | <5 |
|---|
Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| Completed high school, incomplete higher education | 40 | 36.4% | 5-19 |
|---|
| No schooling or incomplete elementary | 35 | 31.8% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Completed higher education | 20 | 18.2% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Completed elementary, incomplete high school | 15 | 13.6% | 5-19 |
|---|
Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| ½ to 1 minimum wage | 55 | 34.4% | 20-49 |
|---|
| 1 to 2 minimum wages | 40 | 25.0% | 5-19 |
|---|
| More than 2 minimum wages | 35 | 21.9% | 5-19 |
|---|
| ¼ to ½ minimum wage | 25 | 15.6% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Other / suppressed | 5 | 3.1% | <5 |
|---|
Age and sex
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| Ages 25–39, female | 25 | 15.2% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Ages 40–59, female | 20 | 12.1% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Ages 40–59, male | 20 | 12.1% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Ages 15–24, male | 20 | 12.1% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Ages 25–39, male | 20 | 12.1% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Ages 5–14, male | 15 | 9.1% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Ages 15–24, female | 15 | 9.1% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Ages 60 and over, male | 15 | 9.1% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Other / suppressed | 15 | 9.1% | 5-19 |
|---|
Out-migrants (departures)
Migrant type
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| Multi-step migration | 65 | 76.5% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Other / suppressed | 20 | 23.5% | <5 |
|---|
Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| No schooling or incomplete elementary | 30 | 54.5% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Other / suppressed | 25 | 45.5% | 5-19 |
|---|
Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| 1 to 2 minimum wages | 50 | 58.8% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Other / suppressed | 20 | 23.5% | 5-19 |
|---|
| ¼ to ½ minimum wage | 15 | 17.6% | 5-19 |
|---|
Age and sex
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| Other / suppressed | 75 | 83.3% | 5-19 |
|---|
| Ages 15–24, female | 15 | 16.7% | 5-19 |
|---|
Non-migrant residents
Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| No schooling or incomplete elementary | 440 | 36.7% | 100-499 |
|---|
| Completed high school, incomplete higher education | 365 | 30.4% | 100-499 |
|---|
| Completed higher education | 210 | 17.5% | 50-99 |
|---|
| Completed elementary, incomplete high school | 185 | 15.4% | 50-99 |
|---|
Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| 1 to 2 minimum wages | 600 | 39.7% | 100-499 |
|---|
| ½ to 1 minimum wage | 500 | 33.1% | 100-499 |
|---|
| More than 2 minimum wages | 290 | 19.2% | 100-499 |
|---|
| ¼ to ½ minimum wage | 105 | 7.0% | 50-99 |
|---|
| Up to ¼ of a minimum wage | 15 | 1.0% | 5-19 |
|---|
Age and sex
| Category | Estimate | Share | Sample |
|---|
| Ages 40–59, female | 270 | 18.8% | 100-499 |
|---|
| Ages 60 and over, female | 260 | 18.1% | 100-499 |
|---|
| Ages 60 and over, male | 255 | 17.8% | 100-499 |
|---|
| Ages 40–59, male | 200 | 13.9% | 50-99 |
|---|
| Ages 25–39, male | 120 | 8.4% | 50-99 |
|---|
| Ages 25–39, female | 90 | 6.3% | 20-49 |
|---|
| Ages 15–24, female | 75 | 5.2% | 20-49 |
|---|
| Ages 15–24, male | 65 | 4.5% | 20-49 |
|---|
| Ages 5–14, female | 55 | 3.8% | 20-49 |
|---|
| Ages 5–14, male | 45 | 3.1% | 20-49 |
|---|
Commuting (work and study)
Commuting indicators for Turmalina/SP
| Employed persons (aged 10 and over) | 885 |
|---|
| Commute out to work in another municipality | 130 |
|---|
| Commute in from another municipality to work here | 95 |
|---|
| Net commuting | −40 |
|---|
| Out-commuting rate (%) | 14.92 |
|---|
| Commuting attraction index | 0.950 |
|---|
| Median commuting time | 30 min |
|---|
Open Turmalina/SP in the interactive atlas →
Methodological note
Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.
How to cite this page
Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Turmalina/SP. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/turmalina-sp-3555307/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.