Migration in São Carlos/SP (2017–2022)

São Carlos/SP had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 241,040 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 20,150 in-migrants and lost 14,755 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +5,395 people (22.39 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.155. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 165 arrived with an unreported origin and 645 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for São Carlos/SP, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	20,150	18,728 to 21,572	good
Out-migrants	14,755	13,546 to 15,964	good
Net migration	+5,395	3,529 to 7,261	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	22.39	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.155	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: >=500 observations. Sample of out-migrants: >=500 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to São Carlos/SP
Origin	People	Precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	3,135	good
Ibaté/SP · view pair in the atlas	675	use with caution
Ribeirão Preto/SP · view pair in the atlas	560	use with caution
Araraquara/SP · view pair in the atlas	545	use with caution
Campinas/SP · view pair in the atlas	530	use with caution
Itirapina/SP · view pair in the atlas	365	use with caution
Bauru/SP · view pair in the atlas	245	use with caution
Descalvado/SP · view pair in the atlas	235	use with caution
São José do Rio Preto/SP · view pair in the atlas	235	use with caution
Ribeirão Bonito/SP · view pair in the atlas	235	use with caution

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from São Carlos/SP
Destination	People	Precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	1,900	good
Campinas/SP · view pair in the atlas	855	use with caution
Araraquara/SP · view pair in the atlas	705	use with caution
Brotas/SP · view pair in the atlas	375	low precision
Ribeirão Preto/SP · view pair in the atlas	335	low precision
Rio Claro/SP · view pair in the atlas	325	low precision
Piracicaba/SP · view pair in the atlas	315	use with caution
Ibaté/SP · view pair in the atlas	300	low precision
Itirapina/SP · view pair in the atlas	210	use with caution
Bauru/SP · view pair in the atlas	205	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	8,990	44.6%	>=500
Multi-step migration	8,910	44.2%	>=500
Return to municipality of birth	2,020	10.0%	100-499
Born abroad, internal migrant	230	1.1%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	5,455	44.3%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	4,340	35.3%	100-499
No schooling or incomplete elementary	1,690	13.7%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	820	6.7%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	6,980	34.6%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	5,715	28.4%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	3,875	19.2%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,885	9.4%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,535	7.6%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	160	0.8%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	3,495	17.3%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	3,255	16.2%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	3,155	15.7%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	2,455	12.2%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	2,000	9.9%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	1,930	9.6%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	1,090	5.4%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	1,040	5.2%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,015	5.0%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, male	715	3.5%	50-99

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	7,580	51.4%	>=500
First move from municipality of birth	3,705	25.1%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	3,340	22.6%	100-499
Born abroad, internal migrant	125	0.8%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	6,220	55.4%	100-499
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	2,590	23.1%	100-499
No schooling or incomplete elementary	1,415	12.6%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,010	9.0%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	6,755	45.8%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	2,955	20.0%	100-499
½ to 1 minimum wage	2,335	15.8%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,360	9.2%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,100	7.5%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	245	1.7%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	3,995	27.1%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	3,215	21.8%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	1,440	9.8%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	1,225	8.3%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,040	7.1%	50-99
Ages 15–24, female	980	6.6%	50-99
Ages 5–14, male	755	5.1%	50-99
Ages 5–14, female	740	5.0%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, female	720	4.9%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, male	640	4.3%	50-99

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	63,345	38.9%	>=500
Completed higher education	42,425	26.0%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	36,280	22.3%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	20,940	12.8%	>=500

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	74,220	31.7%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	61,250	26.2%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	61,190	26.2%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	24,195	10.3%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	12,585	5.4%	>=500
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	455	0.2%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	34,750	15.8%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	31,570	14.3%	>=500
Ages 25–39, female	26,190	11.9%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	26,080	11.8%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, female	25,155	11.4%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, male	19,245	8.7%	>=500
Ages 15–24, male	15,270	6.9%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	14,520	6.6%	>=500
Ages 5–14, male	14,140	6.4%	>=500
Ages 5–14, female	13,165	6.0%	>=500

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for São Carlos/SP
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	127,165
Commute out to work in another municipality	4,335
Commute in from another municipality to work here	8,110
Net commuting	+3,775
Out-commuting rate (%)	3.41
Commuting attraction index	1.011
Median commuting time	48 min

Open São Carlos/SP in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: São Carlos/SP. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/sao-carlos-sp-3548906/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.