Migration in Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA (2017–2022)

Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 12,660 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 745 in-migrants and lost 395 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +355 people (27.99 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.311. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 0 arrived with an unreported origin and 5 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	745	550 to 940	good
Out-migrants	395	224 to 566	use with caution
Net migration	+355	96 to 614	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	27.99	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.311	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 20-49 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA
Origin	People	Precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	435	use with caution
Primeira Cruz/MA · view pair in the atlas	85	low precision
São José de Ribamar/MA · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA
Destination	People	Precision
Barreirinhas/MA · view pair in the atlas	125	low precision
Paço do Lumiar/MA · view pair in the atlas	30	low precision
Primeira Cruz/MA · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	370	49.7%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	190	25.5%	20-49
Multi-step migration	185	24.8%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	225	52.3%	20-49
No schooling or incomplete elementary	85	19.8%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	75	17.4%	5-19
Completed higher education	45	10.5%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	275	36.4%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	195	25.8%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	165	21.9%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	65	8.6%	5-19
More than 2 minimum wages	55	7.3%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	140	18.8%	20-49
Ages 25–39, female	135	18.1%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	135	18.1%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	75	10.1%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	75	10.1%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	65	8.7%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	45	6.0%	5-19
Other / suppressed	40	5.4%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	35	4.7%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	275	69.6%	20-49
Multi-step migration	105	26.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	15	3.8%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	65	56.5%	5-19
Other / suppressed	50	43.5%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	150	38.5%	5-19
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	150	38.5%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	45	11.5%	5-19
Other / suppressed	45	11.5%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, female	120	30.4%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	85	21.5%	5-19
Other / suppressed	70	17.7%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	60	15.2%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	60	15.2%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	4,095	60.4%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,535	22.7%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	915	13.5%	100-499
Completed higher education	230	3.4%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	5,935	45.0%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	3,650	27.7%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	2,840	21.5%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	645	4.9%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	125	0.9%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	1,410	11.8%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	1,405	11.8%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,375	11.5%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,370	11.5%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	1,285	10.8%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	1,255	10.5%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	1,235	10.4%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	1,230	10.3%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	705	5.9%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	640	5.4%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	3,725
Commute out to work in another municipality	15
Commute in from another municipality to work here	330
Net commuting	+315
Out-commuting rate (%)	0.38
Commuting attraction index	1.079
Median commuting time	30 min

Open Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Santo Amaro do Maranhão/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/santo-amaro-do-maranhao-ma-2110278/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.