Migration in Pugmil/TO (2017–2022)

Pugmil/TO had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 2,050 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 290 in-migrants and lost 300 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −5 people (−2.83 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.010. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Pugmil/TO, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	290	197 to 383	use with caution
Out-migrants	300	115 to 485	low precision
Net migration	−5	−212 to 202	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−2.83	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.010	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 50-99 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 50-99 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Pugmil/TO
Origin	People	Precision
Paraíso do Tocantins/TO · view pair in the atlas	80	low precision
Porto Nacional/TO · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
Pium/TO · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision
Goiânia/GO · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Pugmil/TO
Destination	People	Precision
Paraíso do Tocantins/TO · view pair in the atlas	120	low precision
Marianópolis do Tocantins/TO · view pair in the atlas	15	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	160	55.2%	20-49
First move from municipality of birth	120	41.4%	20-49
Other / suppressed	10	3.4%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	80	39.0%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	75	36.6%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	35	17.1%	5-19
Other / suppressed	15	7.3%	<5

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	75	25.4%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	75	25.4%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	70	23.7%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	70	23.7%	20-49
Other / suppressed	5	1.7%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	50	16.7%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	45	15.0%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	40	13.3%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	30	10.0%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	30	10.0%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	30	10.0%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	25	8.3%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	20	6.7%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	20	6.7%	5-19
Other / suppressed	10	3.3%	<5

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	165	55.0%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	120	40.0%	5-19
First move from municipality of birth	15	5.0%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	80	61.5%	5-19
No schooling or incomplete elementary	35	26.9%	5-19
Other / suppressed	15	11.5%	<5

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	100	33.9%	20-49
Other / suppressed	95	32.2%	5-19
½ to 1 minimum wage	80	27.1%	5-19
1 to 2 minimum wages	20	6.8%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 5–14, female	55	18.0%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	50	16.4%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	50	16.4%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	45	14.8%	5-19
Other / suppressed	45	14.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	40	13.1%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	20	6.6%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	560	49.1%	100-499
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	315	27.6%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	165	14.5%	50-99
Completed higher education	100	8.8%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	660	34.7%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	420	22.1%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	380	20.0%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	330	17.4%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	110	5.8%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, male	245	13.9%	50-99
Ages 40–59, female	245	13.9%	50-99
Ages 25–39, male	200	11.4%	50-99
Ages 15–24, male	175	9.9%	50-99
Ages 25–39, female	170	9.7%	50-99
Ages 5–14, male	165	9.4%	50-99
Ages 5–14, female	150	8.5%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, male	150	8.5%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, female	135	7.7%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	125	7.1%	20-49

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Pugmil/TO
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	810
Commute out to work in another municipality	145
Commute in from another municipality to work here	90
Net commuting	−55
Out-commuting rate (%)	18.13
Commuting attraction index	0.886
Median commuting time	22 min

This municipality is part of Região Metropolitana de Palmas → see the metropolitan region page

Open Pugmil/TO in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Pugmil/TO. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/pugmil-to-1718451/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.