Migration in Pio XII/MA (2017–2022)

Pio XII/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 20,295 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 780 in-migrants and lost 2,170 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −1,390 people (−68.39 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.470. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 50 arrived with an unreported origin and 0 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Pio XII/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	780	509 to 1,051	use with caution
Out-migrants	2,170	1,748 to 2,592	good
Net migration	−1,390	−1,892 to −888	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−68.39	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.470	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 50-99 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Pio XII/MA
Origin	People	Precision
Satubinha/MA · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Pio XII/MA
Destination	People	Precision
Satubinha/MA · view pair in the atlas	120	use with caution
Bela Vista do Maranhão/MA · view pair in the atlas	85	low precision
Uberaba/MG · view pair in the atlas	80	low precision
Querência/MT · view pair in the atlas	75	low precision
Parauapebas/PA · view pair in the atlas	75	low precision
Bacabal/MA · view pair in the atlas	65	low precision
Primavera do Leste/MT · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Olho d'Água das Cunhãs/MA · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision
Conceição do Lago-Açu/MA · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision
Lago Verde/MA · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	305	39.1%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	285	36.5%	20-49
Multi-step migration	190	24.4%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	185	46.8%	5-19
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	100	25.3%	5-19
Completed higher education	75	19.0%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	35	8.9%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	265	34.2%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	200	25.8%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	165	21.3%	5-19
1 to 2 minimum wages	130	16.8%	5-19
Other / suppressed	15	1.9%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	125	16.1%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	115	14.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	115	14.8%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	105	13.5%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	90	11.6%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	85	11.0%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	75	9.7%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	65	8.4%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	1,475	68.0%	100-499
Multi-step migration	635	29.3%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	60	2.8%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	570	48.9%	50-99
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	310	26.6%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	190	16.3%	20-49
Completed higher education	95	8.2%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	650	30.0%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	565	26.1%	50-99
1 to 2 minimum wages	430	19.9%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	360	16.6%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	140	6.5%	5-19
Other / suppressed	20	0.9%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, female	410	19.0%	50-99
Ages 25–39, female	390	18.1%	50-99
Ages 25–39, male	370	17.1%	50-99
Ages 15–24, male	265	12.3%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	165	7.6%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	160	7.4%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	145	6.7%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	125	5.8%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	65	3.0%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	65	3.0%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	7,370	61.0%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	2,290	19.0%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,485	12.3%	100-499
Completed higher education	935	7.7%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	6,300	29.9%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	6,175	29.3%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	5,750	27.3%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	2,215	10.5%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	620	2.9%	50-99

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	2,490	12.8%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	2,345	12.0%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	2,275	11.7%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	2,245	11.5%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,925	9.9%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	1,885	9.7%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	1,850	9.5%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	1,725	8.9%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,435	7.4%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	1,290	6.6%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Pio XII/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	7,845
Commute out to work in another municipality	365
Commute in from another municipality to work here	220
Net commuting	−145
Out-commuting rate (%)	4.65
Commuting attraction index	0.956
Median commuting time	55 min

Open Pio XII/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Pio XII/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/pio-xii-ma-2108702/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.