Migration in Parnarama/MA (2017–2022)

Parnarama/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 28,580 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 1,030 in-migrants and lost 2,365 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −1,335 people (−46.65 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.393. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 105 arrived with an unreported origin and 20 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Parnarama/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	1,030	748 to 1,312	good
Out-migrants	2,365	1,863 to 2,867	good
Net migration	−1,335	−1,911 to −759	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−46.65	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.393	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Parnarama/MA
Origin	People	Precision
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	160	low precision
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	145	low precision
Matões/MA · view pair in the atlas	100	low precision
Timon/MA · view pair in the atlas	65	low precision
Buriti Bravo/MA · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
São Luís/MA · view pair in the atlas	40	low precision
Rio de Janeiro/RJ · view pair in the atlas	40	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Parnarama/MA
Destination	People	Precision
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	380	low precision
Matões/MA · view pair in the atlas	285	low precision
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	140	low precision
Buriti Bravo/MA · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
Caxias/MA · view pair in the atlas	85	low precision
Palmeirais/PI · view pair in the atlas	80	low precision
Sinop/MT · view pair in the atlas	70	low precision
Timon/MA · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Nazária/PI · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Return to municipality of birth	480	46.4%	50-99
First move from municipality of birth	345	33.3%	20-49
Multi-step migration	210	20.3%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	295	44.4%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	195	29.3%	20-49
Completed higher education	125	18.8%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	50	7.5%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	395	38.3%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	330	32.0%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	140	13.6%	5-19
More than 2 minimum wages	110	10.7%	5-19
1 to 2 minimum wages	55	5.3%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	165	16.1%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	150	14.6%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	135	13.2%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	130	12.7%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	125	12.2%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	95	9.3%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	80	7.8%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	70	6.8%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	55	5.4%	5-19
Other / suppressed	20	2.0%	<5

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	1,495	63.2%	100-499
Multi-step migration	540	22.8%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	330	14.0%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	650	62.5%	50-99
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	260	25.0%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	120	11.5%	5-19
Other / suppressed	10	1.0%	<5

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	775	32.8%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	595	25.2%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	545	23.1%	50-99
1 to 2 minimum wages	380	16.1%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	45	1.9%	5-19
Other / suppressed	20	0.8%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, female	525	22.2%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	410	17.3%	20-49
Ages 25–39, female	305	12.9%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	300	12.7%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	220	9.3%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	170	7.2%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	125	5.3%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	120	5.1%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	100	4.2%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	90	3.8%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	11,045	65.7%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	2,870	17.1%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,805	10.7%	100-499
Completed higher education	1,100	6.5%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	11,120	36.9%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	9,260	30.8%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	7,170	23.8%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	2,010	6.7%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	535	1.8%	50-99

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	3,345	12.2%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	3,275	11.9%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	3,020	11.0%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	2,935	10.7%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	2,775	10.1%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	2,650	9.7%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	2,650	9.7%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	2,530	9.2%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	2,185	8.0%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	2,065	7.5%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Parnarama/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	7,880
Commute out to work in another municipality	790
Commute in from another municipality to work here	545
Net commuting	−245
Out-commuting rate (%)	9.99
Commuting attraction index	0.935
Median commuting time	60 min

This municipality is part of Região Metropolitana da Zona Leste do Estado do Maranhão → see the metropolitan region page

Open Parnarama/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Parnarama/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/parnarama-ma-2107803/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.