Migration in Palmas/TO (2017–2022)

Palmas/TO had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 279,985 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 35,430 in-migrants and lost 24,615 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +10,815 people (38.63 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.180. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 255 arrived with an unreported origin and 400 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Palmas/TO, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	35,430	33,626 to 37,234	good
Out-migrants	24,615	23,111 to 26,119	good
Net migration	+10,815	8,466 to 13,164	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	38.63	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.180	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: >=500 observations. Sample of out-migrants: >=500 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Palmas/TO
Origin	People	Precision
Goiânia/GO · view pair in the atlas	1,930	good
Porto Nacional/TO · view pair in the atlas	1,695	good
Paraíso do Tocantins/TO · view pair in the atlas	1,450	good
Gurupi/TO · view pair in the atlas	1,305	good
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	1,285	good
Araguaína/TO · view pair in the atlas	1,135	good
Miracema do Tocantins/TO · view pair in the atlas	910	use with caution
Imperatriz/MA · view pair in the atlas	655	use with caution
Guaraí/TO · view pair in the atlas	510	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	455	use with caution

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Palmas/TO
Destination	People	Precision
Porto Nacional/TO · view pair in the atlas	2,525	good
Goiânia/GO · view pair in the atlas	2,005	use with caution
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	670	use with caution
Gurupi/TO · view pair in the atlas	555	use with caution
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	500	low precision
Araguaína/TO · view pair in the atlas	445	use with caution
Paraíso do Tocantins/TO · view pair in the atlas	375	use with caution
Miracema do Tocantins/TO · view pair in the atlas	350	use with caution
Uberlândia/MG · view pair in the atlas	280	low precision
Anápolis/GO · view pair in the atlas	230	use with caution

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	17,475	49.3%	>=500
First move from municipality of birth	15,635	44.1%	>=500
Return to municipality of birth	2,230	6.3%	100-499
Born abroad, internal migrant	90	0.3%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	7,530	37.7%	>=500
Completed higher education	7,150	35.8%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	3,440	17.2%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,865	9.3%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	9,950	28.1%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	9,610	27.1%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	9,380	26.5%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	4,455	12.6%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,870	5.3%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	160	0.5%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	5,885	16.6%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	5,555	15.7%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	5,215	14.7%	>=500
Ages 15–24, male	5,125	14.5%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	2,925	8.3%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	2,915	8.2%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	2,710	7.6%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	2,395	6.8%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,525	4.3%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	1,180	3.3%	100-499

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	13,670	55.5%	>=500
First move from municipality of birth	5,935	24.1%	>=500
Return to municipality of birth	4,950	20.1%	>=500
Born abroad, internal migrant	55	0.2%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	6,350	39.3%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	6,100	37.8%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	2,345	14.5%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,360	8.4%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
More than 2 minimum wages	6,545	26.6%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	6,240	25.4%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	5,430	22.1%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	4,185	17.0%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	2,045	8.3%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	165	0.7%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	4,955	20.1%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	4,825	19.6%	>=500
Ages 40–59, female	2,440	9.9%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	2,425	9.9%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	2,170	8.8%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	2,165	8.8%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	2,060	8.4%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	2,050	8.3%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	845	3.4%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	665	2.7%	50-99
Other / suppressed	15	0.1%	<5

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	62,355	39.0%	>=500
Completed higher education	51,650	32.3%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	28,985	18.1%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	17,030	10.6%	>=500

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	75,945	28.5%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	68,845	25.8%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	68,115	25.5%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	38,460	14.4%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	14,790	5.5%	>=500
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	455	0.2%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	36,820	15.1%	>=500
Ages 40–59, female	35,320	14.5%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	33,750	13.8%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	31,720	13.0%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	21,855	9.0%	>=500
Ages 15–24, male	21,260	8.7%	>=500
Ages 5–14, male	20,860	8.6%	>=500
Ages 5–14, female	19,900	8.2%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, female	11,545	4.7%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, male	10,865	4.5%	>=500

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Palmas/TO
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	159,525
Commute out to work in another municipality	3,670
Commute in from another municipality to work here	6,820
Net commuting	+3,150
Out-commuting rate (%)	2.30
Commuting attraction index	1.004
Median commuting time	60 min

This municipality is part of Região Metropolitana de Palmas → see the metropolitan region page

Open Palmas/TO in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Palmas/TO. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/palmas-to-1721000/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.