Migration in Cardoso/SP (2017–2022)

Cardoso/SP had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 10,825 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 990 in-migrants and lost 1,320 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −335 people (−30.76 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.144. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 5 arrived with an unreported origin and 0 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Cardoso/SP, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	990	780 to 1,200	good
Out-migrants	1,320	976 to 1,664	good
Net migration	−335	−738 to 68	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−30.76	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.144	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Cardoso/SP
Origin	People	Precision
Votuporanga/SP · view pair in the atlas	95	low precision
São José do Rio Preto/SP · view pair in the atlas	90	low precision
Campinas/SP · view pair in the atlas	70	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	65	low precision
São Carlos/SP · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision
Santa Bárbara d'Oeste/SP · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision
Ouroeste/SP · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
Jundiaí/SP · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Cardoso/SP
Destination	People	Precision
Votuporanga/SP · view pair in the atlas	365	use with caution
São José do Rio Preto/SP · view pair in the atlas	195	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	495	50.3%	100-499
First move from municipality of birth	390	39.6%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	95	9.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	5	0.5%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	260	35.9%	50-99
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	205	28.3%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	160	22.1%	20-49
Completed higher education	100	13.8%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	275	27.9%	50-99
½ to 1 minimum wage	270	27.4%	50-99
More than 2 minimum wages	185	18.8%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	170	17.3%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	70	7.1%	5-19
Other / suppressed	15	1.5%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	135	13.7%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	120	12.2%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	120	12.2%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	115	11.7%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, female	115	11.7%	20-49
Ages 25–39, female	115	11.7%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	80	8.1%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	70	7.1%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	60	6.1%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	55	5.6%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	580	43.9%	50-99
First move from municipality of birth	515	39.0%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	225	17.0%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	300	33.0%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	235	25.8%	20-49
No schooling or incomplete elementary	235	25.8%	20-49
Completed higher education	140	15.4%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	505	38.3%	50-99
1 to 2 minimum wages	280	21.2%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	175	13.3%	5-19
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	155	11.7%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	150	11.4%	20-49
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	55	4.2%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	245	18.5%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	235	17.7%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	190	14.3%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	150	11.3%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	125	9.4%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	115	8.7%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	90	6.8%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	80	6.0%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	50	3.8%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	45	3.4%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	3,495	46.8%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	2,035	27.3%	100-499
Completed higher education	985	13.2%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	950	12.7%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	3,420	33.0%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	2,955	28.6%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,875	18.1%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	1,615	15.6%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	465	4.5%	100-499
Other / suppressed	20	0.2%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	1,510	15.4%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	1,460	14.9%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,410	14.3%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	1,210	12.3%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	960	9.8%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	910	9.3%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	635	6.5%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	585	6.0%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	580	5.9%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	570	5.8%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Cardoso/SP
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	5,050
Commute out to work in another municipality	600
Commute in from another municipality to work here	260
Net commuting	−340
Out-commuting rate (%)	11.89
Commuting attraction index	0.914
Median commuting time	45 min

Open Cardoso/SP in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Cardoso/SP. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/cardoso-sp-3510708/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.