Migration in União/PI (2017–2022)

União/PI had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 42,640 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 1,880 in-migrants and lost 1,735 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +140 people (3.32 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.039. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 10 arrived with an unreported origin and 0 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for União/PI, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	1,880	1,470 to 2,290	good
Out-migrants	1,735	1,323 to 2,147	good
Net migration	+140	−442 to 722	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	3.32	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.039	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to União/PI
Origin	People	Precision
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	580	use with caution
José de Freitas/PI · view pair in the atlas	140	low precision
Coelho Neto/MA · view pair in the atlas	100	low precision
Miguel Alves/PI · view pair in the atlas	85	low precision
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	80	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	65	low precision
Caxias/MA · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from União/PI
Destination	People	Precision
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	735	use with caution
Potirendaba/SP · view pair in the atlas	75	low precision
Lagoa Alegre/PI · view pair in the atlas	65	low precision
José de Freitas/PI · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	690	36.7%	50-99
Multi-step migration	590	31.4%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	580	30.9%	50-99
Other / suppressed	20	1.1%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	540	44.8%	50-99
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	345	28.6%	20-49
Completed higher education	165	13.7%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	155	12.9%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	670	35.6%	50-99
½ to 1 minimum wage	645	34.3%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	260	13.8%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	195	10.4%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	105	5.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	5	0.3%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	355	19.0%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	295	15.8%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	250	13.4%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	230	12.3%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	175	9.4%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	170	9.1%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	160	8.6%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	105	5.6%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	85	4.5%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	45	2.4%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	1,120	64.6%	100-499
Multi-step migration	380	21.9%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	235	13.5%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	405	37.2%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	315	28.9%	20-49
Completed higher education	225	20.6%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	145	13.3%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	640	36.7%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	380	21.8%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	300	17.2%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	220	12.6%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	150	8.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	55	3.2%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	395	22.8%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	275	15.9%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	235	13.5%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	230	13.3%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	140	8.1%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	120	6.9%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	120	6.9%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	100	5.8%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	60	3.5%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	60	3.5%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	15,385	58.0%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	5,585	21.1%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	3,400	12.8%	100-499
Completed higher education	2,145	8.1%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	14,525	32.8%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	12,945	29.3%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	11,685	26.4%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	3,695	8.4%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	1,380	3.1%	100-499

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	4,985	12.2%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	4,975	12.2%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	4,940	12.1%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	4,920	12.1%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	3,830	9.4%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	3,665	9.0%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	3,570	8.8%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	3,500	8.6%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	3,345	8.2%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	3,020	7.4%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for União/PI
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	14,565
Commute out to work in another municipality	1,915
Commute in from another municipality to work here	715
Net commuting	−1,200
Out-commuting rate (%)	13.13
Commuting attraction index	0.904
Median commuting time	90 min

This municipality is part of Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento da Grande Teresina → see the metropolitan region page

Open União/PI in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: União/PI. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/uniao-pi-2211100/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.