Migration in Mar de Espanha/MG (2017–2022)

Mar de Espanha/MG had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 11,945 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 755 in-migrants and lost 400 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +360 people (30.02 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.310. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 10 arrived with an unreported origin and 5 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Mar de Espanha/MG, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	755	570 to 940	good
Out-migrants	400	256 to 544	use with caution
Net migration	+360	125 to 595	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	30.02	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.310	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 50-99 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Mar de Espanha/MG
Origin	People	Precision
Petrópolis/RJ · view pair in the atlas	160	use with caution
Rio de Janeiro/RJ · view pair in the atlas	130	low precision
Juiz de Fora/MG · view pair in the atlas	70	low precision
Três Rios/RJ · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision
Bicas/MG · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision
Senador Cortes/MG · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision
Nova Iguaçu/RJ · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Mar de Espanha/MG
Destination	People	Precision
Bicas/MG · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Chiador/MG · view pair in the atlas	15	low precision
Pequeri/MG · view pair in the atlas	15	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	430	57.0%	50-99
Multi-step migration	210	27.8%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	115	15.2%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	155	33.7%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	155	33.7%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	125	27.2%	20-49
Completed higher education	25	5.4%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	315	41.4%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	205	27.0%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	130	17.1%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	65	8.6%	5-19
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	40	5.3%	5-19
Other / suppressed	5	0.7%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	110	14.5%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	105	13.8%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	105	13.8%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	90	11.8%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	80	10.5%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	75	9.9%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	60	7.9%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	55	7.2%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	50	6.6%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	30	3.9%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	180	45.6%	20-49
First move from municipality of birth	135	34.2%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	80	20.3%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	125	52.1%	5-19
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	60	25.0%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	45	18.8%	5-19
Other / suppressed	10	4.2%	<5

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	175	43.8%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	105	26.2%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	100	25.0%	20-49
Other / suppressed	20	5.0%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Other / suppressed	75	18.8%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	65	16.2%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	55	13.8%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	55	13.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	40	10.0%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	40	10.0%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	35	8.8%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	20	5.0%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	15	3.8%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	3,455	41.9%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	2,470	29.9%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,465	17.8%	100-499
Completed higher education	860	10.4%	100-499

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	4,995	41.8%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	3,075	25.7%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	2,160	18.1%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	1,190	10.0%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	495	4.1%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	30	0.3%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	1,620	14.5%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	1,555	13.9%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,385	12.4%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,360	12.2%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,220	10.9%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	1,120	10.0%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	815	7.3%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	760	6.8%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	685	6.1%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	660	5.9%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Mar de Espanha/MG
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	6,355
Commute out to work in another municipality	165
Commute in from another municipality to work here	230
Net commuting	+65
Out-commuting rate (%)	2.56
Commuting attraction index	0.999
Median commuting time	60 min

Open Mar de Espanha/MG in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Mar de Espanha/MG. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/mar-de-espanha-mg-3139805/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.