Migration in Cruz do Espírito Santo/PB (2017–2022)

Cruz do Espírito Santo/PB had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 15,805 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 540 in-migrants and lost 855 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −315 people (−19.91 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.225. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Cruz do Espírito Santo/PB, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	540	404 to 676	good
Out-migrants	855	514 to 1,196	use with caution
Net migration	−315	−683 to 53	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−19.91	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.225	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 50-99 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Cruz do Espírito Santo/PB
Origin	People	Precision
João Pessoa/PB · view pair in the atlas	145	use with caution
Santa Rita/PB · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Sapé/PB · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Bayeux/PB · view pair in the atlas	30	low precision
Rio de Janeiro/RJ · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Cruz do Espírito Santo/PB
Destination	People	Precision
Santa Rita/PB · view pair in the atlas	265	low precision
João Pessoa/PB · view pair in the atlas	165	low precision
Sapé/PB · view pair in the atlas	130	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	280	51.9%	50-99
Return to municipality of birth	135	25.0%	20-49
Multi-step migration	125	23.1%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	195	58.2%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	80	23.9%	5-19
Completed higher education	35	10.4%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	25	7.5%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	170	31.2%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	145	26.6%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	140	25.7%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	90	16.5%	20-49
Other / suppressed	0	0.0%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, female	70	13.0%	20-49
Ages 25–39, female	70	13.0%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	70	13.0%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	60	11.1%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	50	9.3%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	50	9.3%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	50	9.3%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	45	8.3%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	40	7.4%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	35	6.5%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	440	51.2%	20-49
First move from municipality of birth	275	32.0%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	145	16.9%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	220	45.4%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	180	37.1%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	55	11.3%	5-19
Other / suppressed	30	6.2%	<5

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	470	54.7%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	185	21.5%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	115	13.4%	5-19
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	80	9.3%	5-19
Other / suppressed	10	1.2%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	150	17.5%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	145	17.0%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	120	14.0%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	80	9.4%	5-19
Other / suppressed	75	8.8%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	75	8.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	75	8.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	70	8.2%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	65	7.6%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	6,175	62.0%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	2,105	21.1%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	1,260	12.7%	100-499
Completed higher education	420	4.2%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	5,805	35.1%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	5,570	33.7%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	3,725	22.5%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	1,320	8.0%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	125	0.8%	20-49
Other / suppressed	5	0.0%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	2,215	14.5%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	2,105	13.8%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,885	12.4%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,765	11.6%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,435	9.4%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	1,350	8.8%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	1,290	8.5%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	1,200	7.9%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,045	6.8%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	910	6.0%	100-499
Other / suppressed	60	0.4%	5-19

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Cruz do Espírito Santo/PB
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	4,845
Commute out to work in another municipality	1,515
Commute in from another municipality to work here	315
Net commuting	−1,200
Out-commuting rate (%)	31.27
Commuting attraction index	0.730
Median commuting time	45 min

This municipality is part of Região Metropolitana de João Pessoa → see the metropolitan region page

Open Cruz do Espírito Santo/PB in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Cruz do Espírito Santo/PB. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/cruz-do-espirito-santo-pb-2504900/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.