Migration in Água Fria/BA (2017–2022)

Água Fria/BA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 13,670 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 990 in-migrants and lost 685 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +305 people (22.22 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.181. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 20 arrived with an unreported origin and 0 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Água Fria/BA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	990	781 to 1,199	good
Out-migrants	685	467 to 903	use with caution
Net migration	+305	3 to 607	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	22.22	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.181	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 50-99 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Água Fria/BA
Origin	People	Precision
Salvador/BA · view pair in the atlas	315	use with caution
Alagoinhas/BA · view pair in the atlas	100	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	75	low precision
Feira de Santana/BA · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision
Dias d'Ávila/BA · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision
Sátiro Dias/BA · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision
Lamarão/BA · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Água Fria/BA
Destination	People	Precision
Irará/BA · view pair in the atlas	60	low precision
Alagoinhas/BA · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Itirapina/SP · view pair in the atlas	35	low precision
Biritinga/BA · view pair in the atlas	30	low precision
Boracéia/SP · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
Lamarão/BA · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Return to municipality of birth	480	48.2%	50-99
First move from municipality of birth	310	31.2%	50-99
Multi-step migration	205	20.6%	20-49

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	315	46.3%	50-99
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	180	26.5%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	125	18.4%	20-49
Completed higher education	60	8.8%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	385	38.7%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	260	26.1%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	165	16.6%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	120	12.1%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	65	6.5%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	170	17.2%	20-49
Ages 25–39, female	145	14.6%	20-49
Ages 40–59, male	105	10.6%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	105	10.6%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	95	9.6%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	85	8.6%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	85	8.6%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	75	7.6%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	70	7.1%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	55	5.6%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	390	56.5%	50-99
Multi-step migration	190	27.5%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	110	15.9%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	205	59.4%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	100	29.0%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	35	10.1%	5-19
Other / suppressed	5	1.4%	<5

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	255	37.0%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	170	24.6%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	130	18.8%	5-19
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	130	18.8%	5-19
Other / suppressed	5	0.7%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, female	160	23.4%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	110	16.1%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	105	15.3%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	65	9.5%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	65	9.5%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	60	8.8%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	55	8.0%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	50	7.3%	5-19
Other / suppressed	15	2.2%	<5

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	5,795	66.0%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,915	21.8%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	650	7.4%	100-499
Completed higher education	415	4.7%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	4,735	35.1%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	4,255	31.6%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	3,365	25.0%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	875	6.5%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	255	1.9%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	1,795	14.2%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	1,740	13.7%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,470	11.6%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	1,370	10.8%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,275	10.1%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	1,135	9.0%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,040	8.2%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	975	7.7%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	960	7.6%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	905	7.1%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Água Fria/BA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	4,020
Commute out to work in another municipality	480
Commute in from another municipality to work here	165
Net commuting	−315
Out-commuting rate (%)	11.92
Commuting attraction index	0.914
Median commuting time	40 min

Open Água Fria/BA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Água Fria/BA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/agua-fria-ba-2900405/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.