Migration in São Roberto/MA (2017–2022)

São Roberto/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 4,185 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 205 in-migrants and lost 305 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −100 people (−23.33 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.191. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 0 arrived with an unreported origin and 15 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for São Roberto/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	205	129 to 281	use with caution
Out-migrants	305	165 to 445	use with caution
Net migration	−100	−260 to 60	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−23.33	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.191	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 50-99 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 20-49 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to São Roberto/MA
Origin	People	Precision
Barra do Corda/MA · view pair in the atlas	15	low precision
Esperantinópolis/MA · view pair in the atlas	15	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from São Roberto/MA
Destination	People	Precision
São Raimundo do Doca Bezerra/MA · view pair in the atlas	45	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	95	46.3%	20-49
Multi-step migration	60	29.3%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	50	24.4%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	55	44.0%	5-19
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	45	36.0%	5-19
Other / suppressed	25	20.0%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	85	41.5%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	70	34.1%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	35	17.1%	5-19
1 to 2 minimum wages	15	7.3%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	40	19.0%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	40	19.0%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	40	19.0%	5-19
Other / suppressed	35	16.7%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	20	9.5%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	20	9.5%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	15	7.1%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	175	58.3%	5-19
First move from municipality of birth	120	40.0%	5-19
Other / suppressed	5	1.7%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	75	50.0%	5-19
Other / suppressed	75	50.0%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	125	41.7%	5-19
1 to 2 minimum wages	65	21.7%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	45	15.0%	5-19
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	40	13.3%	5-19
Other / suppressed	25	8.3%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, female	100	32.3%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	65	21.0%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	55	17.7%	5-19
Other / suppressed	45	14.5%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	45	14.5%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	1,585	65.4%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	400	16.5%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	250	10.3%	50-99
Completed higher education	190	7.8%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	2,005	46.4%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,065	24.7%	100-499
½ to 1 minimum wage	1,005	23.3%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	180	4.2%	50-99
More than 2 minimum wages	65	1.5%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, male	500	12.6%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	495	12.5%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	485	12.2%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	460	11.6%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	425	10.7%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	415	10.5%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	375	9.4%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	325	8.2%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	255	6.4%	50-99
Ages 60 and over, female	235	5.9%	50-99

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for São Roberto/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	765
Commute out to work in another municipality	40
Commute in from another municipality to work here	55
Net commuting	+15
Out-commuting rate (%)	5.52
Commuting attraction index	1.013
Median commuting time	30 min

Open São Roberto/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: São Roberto/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/sao-roberto-ma-2111672/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.