Migration in São Francisco do Maranhão/MA (2017–2022)

São Francisco do Maranhão/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 11,130 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 405 in-migrants and lost 895 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of −490 people (−44.14 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of −0.379. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory depletion. In addition, 25 arrived with an unreported origin and 0 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for São Francisco do Maranhão/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	405	280 to 530	use with caution
Out-migrants	895	617 to 1,173	use with caution
Net migration	−490	−794 to −186	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	−44.14	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	−0.379	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 50-99 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to São Francisco do Maranhão/MA
Origin	People	Precision
Teresina/PI · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Barão de Grajaú/MA · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision
Amarante/PI · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from São Francisco do Maranhão/MA
Destination	People	Precision
Barão de Grajaú/MA · view pair in the atlas	155	use with caution
Amarante/PI · view pair in the atlas	80	low precision
Palmeirais/PI · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	165	40.7%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	160	39.5%	20-49
Multi-step migration	80	19.8%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	95	38.8%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	85	34.7%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	35	14.3%	5-19
Completed higher education	30	12.2%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	155	38.3%	20-49
½ to 1 minimum wage	95	23.5%	5-19
1 to 2 minimum wages	85	21.0%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	70	17.3%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	90	22.5%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	80	20.0%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	60	15.0%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	50	12.5%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	35	8.8%	5-19
Other / suppressed	30	7.5%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	30	7.5%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	25	6.2%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	585	65.4%	50-99
Multi-step migration	230	25.7%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	80	8.9%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	225	45.0%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	130	26.0%	5-19
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	130	26.0%	5-19
Other / suppressed	15	3.0%	<5

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	295	33.0%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	285	31.8%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	185	20.7%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	90	10.1%	5-19
Other / suppressed	40	4.5%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, male	190	21.2%	20-49
Ages 25–39, female	170	19.0%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	145	16.2%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	105	11.7%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	70	7.8%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	60	6.7%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	50	5.6%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	40	4.5%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	35	3.9%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	30	3.4%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	4,875	69.4%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	1,250	17.8%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	560	8.0%	100-499
Completed higher education	335	4.8%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	4,330	37.2%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	3,425	29.4%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	3,015	25.9%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	715	6.1%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	150	1.3%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, male	1,405	13.1%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	1,365	12.8%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	1,205	11.3%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	1,155	10.8%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	1,020	9.5%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	985	9.2%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	910	8.5%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	910	8.5%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	900	8.4%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	845	7.9%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for São Francisco do Maranhão/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	2,635
Commute out to work in another municipality	425
Commute in from another municipality to work here	200
Net commuting	−225
Out-commuting rate (%)	16.10
Commuting attraction index	0.878
Median commuting time	40 min

Open São Francisco do Maranhão/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: São Francisco do Maranhão/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/sao-francisco-do-maranhao-ma-2110906/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.