Migration in Pongaí/SP (2017–2022)

Pongaí/SP had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 3,245 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 350 in-migrants and lost 220 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +130 people (40.57 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.231. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Pongaí/SP, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	350	259 to 441	good
Out-migrants	220	108 to 332	use with caution
Net migration	+130	−14 to 274	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	40.57	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.231	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 20-49 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Pongaí/SP
Origin	People	Precision
Bauru/SP · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Cafelândia/SP · view pair in the atlas	40	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
Lins/SP · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
Pirajuí/SP · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision
Reginópolis/SP · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Pongaí/SP
Destination	People	Precision
Uru/SP · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	160	45.1%	50-99
Multi-step migration	135	38.0%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	60	16.9%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	70	31.8%	20-49
No schooling or incomplete elementary	60	27.3%	20-49
Completed higher education	50	22.7%	5-19
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	40	18.2%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	110	31.0%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	85	23.9%	20-49
More than 2 minimum wages	85	23.9%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	45	12.7%	20-49
¼ to ½ minimum wage	30	8.5%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	55	15.7%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	50	14.3%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	45	12.9%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	40	11.4%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	40	11.4%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	30	8.6%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	25	7.1%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	25	7.1%	5-19
Ages 5–14, male	20	5.7%	5-19
Ages 5–14, female	20	5.7%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	170	77.3%	20-49
First move from municipality of birth	45	20.5%	5-19
Other / suppressed	5	2.3%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Other / suppressed	55	36.7%	5-19
No schooling or incomplete elementary	50	33.3%	5-19
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	45	30.0%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	80	36.4%	5-19
½ to 1 minimum wage	75	34.1%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	35	15.9%	5-19
Other / suppressed	30	13.6%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Other / suppressed	75	34.1%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	45	20.5%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	40	18.2%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	35	15.9%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	25	11.4%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	930	41.3%	100-499
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	715	31.8%	100-499
Completed higher education	375	16.7%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	230	10.2%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	1,040	34.2%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	990	32.5%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	465	15.3%	100-499
¼ to ½ minimum wage	435	14.3%	100-499
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	115	3.8%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, male	440	15.2%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	430	14.9%	100-499
Ages 40–59, female	405	14.0%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	375	13.0%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	320	11.1%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	275	9.5%	50-99
Ages 15–24, male	180	6.2%	50-99
Ages 5–14, female	180	6.2%	50-99
Ages 5–14, male	150	5.2%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	140	4.8%	20-49

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Pongaí/SP
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	1,785
Commute out to work in another municipality	285
Commute in from another municipality to work here	95
Net commuting	−190
Out-commuting rate (%)	16.04
Commuting attraction index	0.880
Median commuting time	40 min

Open Pongaí/SP in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Pongaí/SP. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/pongai-sp-3540101/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.