Migration in Penápolis/SP (2017–2022)

Penápolis/SP had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 58,360 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 3,610 in-migrants and lost 3,250 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +355 people (6.12 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.052. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 5 arrived with an unreported origin and 50 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Penápolis/SP, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	3,610	3,001 to 4,219	good
Out-migrants	3,250	2,747 to 3,753	good
Net migration	+355	−435 to 1,145	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	6.12	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.052	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 100-499 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Penápolis/SP
Origin	People	Precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	425	use with caution
Araçatuba/SP · view pair in the atlas	275	use with caution
Avanhandava/SP · view pair in the atlas	165	low precision
Barbosa/SP · view pair in the atlas	115	low precision
Bauru/SP · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
Luiziânia/SP · view pair in the atlas	105	low precision
Alto Alegre/SP · view pair in the atlas	90	low precision
Lins/SP · view pair in the atlas	90	low precision
São José do Rio Preto/SP · view pair in the atlas	85	low precision
Braúna/SP · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Penápolis/SP
Destination	People	Precision
Araçatuba/SP · view pair in the atlas	450	use with caution
Birigui/SP · view pair in the atlas	360	use with caution
São José do Rio Preto/SP · view pair in the atlas	190	low precision
Avanhandava/SP · view pair in the atlas	110	low precision
Alto Alegre/SP · view pair in the atlas	105	use with caution
Promissão/SP · view pair in the atlas	105	low precision
Lavínia/SP · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Queiroz/SP · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Coroados/SP · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision
Alto Taquari/MT · view pair in the atlas	50	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Multi-step migration	1,550	43.0%	100-499
First move from municipality of birth	1,175	32.6%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	880	24.4%	50-99

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed higher education	705	30.2%	50-99
No schooling or incomplete elementary	640	27.4%	50-99
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	595	25.5%	50-99
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	395	16.9%	20-49

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	1,160	32.1%	100-499
1 to 2 minimum wages	1,100	30.5%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	875	24.2%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	370	10.2%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	105	2.9%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, male	545	15.1%	50-99
Ages 25–39, female	535	14.8%	50-99
Ages 40–59, male	420	11.7%	20-49
Ages 40–59, female	410	11.4%	20-49
Ages 15–24, female	335	9.3%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	330	9.2%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	320	8.9%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	290	8.0%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	230	6.4%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, female	190	5.3%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	1,785	54.8%	100-499
Multi-step migration	1,150	35.3%	100-499
Return to municipality of birth	315	9.7%	20-49
Other / suppressed	5	0.2%	<5

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	690	33.9%	50-99
Completed higher education	525	25.8%	50-99
No schooling or incomplete elementary	430	21.1%	50-99
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	390	19.2%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	995	30.6%	100-499
½ to 1 minimum wage	835	25.7%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	660	20.3%	50-99
¼ to ½ minimum wage	465	14.3%	50-99
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	175	5.4%	20-49
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	125	3.8%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	540	16.6%	50-99
Ages 40–59, male	470	14.5%	50-99
Ages 25–39, male	430	13.3%	50-99
Ages 15–24, female	395	12.2%	50-99
Ages 40–59, female	365	11.2%	50-99
Ages 15–24, male	310	9.6%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	260	8.0%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	250	7.7%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, female	135	4.2%	20-49
Ages 60 and over, male	90	2.8%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	13,445	33.2%	>=500
No schooling or incomplete elementary	12,830	31.7%	>=500
Completed higher education	7,755	19.1%	>=500
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	6,480	16.0%	>=500

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
1 to 2 minimum wages	19,815	34.2%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	18,035	31.1%	>=500
More than 2 minimum wages	10,075	17.4%	>=500
¼ to ½ minimum wage	6,375	11.0%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	3,455	6.0%	100-499
Not applicable (collective dwelling)	255	0.4%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	8,665	15.8%	>=500
Ages 40–59, male	7,975	14.6%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, female	6,830	12.5%	>=500
Ages 25–39, female	5,975	10.9%	>=500
Ages 25–39, male	5,825	10.6%	>=500
Ages 60 and over, male	5,235	9.6%	>=500
Ages 15–24, female	3,605	6.6%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	3,590	6.6%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	3,530	6.5%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	3,465	6.3%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Penápolis/SP
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	30,060
Commute out to work in another municipality	1,555
Commute in from another municipality to work here	1,180
Net commuting	−375
Out-commuting rate (%)	5.17
Commuting attraction index	0.958
Median commuting time	40 min

Open Penápolis/SP in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Penápolis/SP. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/penapolis-sp-3537305/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.