Migration in Graça Aranha/MA (2017–2022)

Graça Aranha/MA had a reference population (aged 5 or over in 2022) of 5,565 people. In the 2017–2022 five-year period, the municipality received 530 in-migrants and lost 440 out-migrants to other municipalities in Brazil, resulting in a net migration of +90 people (15.91 per 1,000 population) and a migration effectiveness index (IEM) of 0.092. This classifies the municipality, for the period, as one of migratory attraction. In addition, 5 arrived with an unreported origin and 0 came from abroad.

Indicators

Migration indicators for Graça Aranha/MA, 2017–2022
Indicator	Estimate	95% CI	Precision
In-migrants	530	410 to 650	good
Out-migrants	440	242 to 638	use with caution
Net migration	+90	−141 to 321	not classified
Net migration rate, TLM (per 1,000 pop.)	15.91	-	-
Migration effectiveness index (IEM)	0.092	-	-

Sample of in-migrants: 100-499 observations. Sample of out-migrants: 50-99 observations. 95% confidence interval computed as estimate ± 1.96 × standard error.

Top origins and destinations

Top 10 origins of in-migrants to Graça Aranha/MA
Origin	People	Precision
Colinas/MA · view pair in the atlas	65	low precision
Presidente Dutra/MA · view pair in the atlas	55	low precision
Governador Eugênio Barros/MA · view pair in the atlas	30	low precision
Brasília/DF · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
Barra do Corda/MA · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
São Domingos do Maranhão/MA · view pair in the atlas	25	low precision
Goiânia/GO · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision
Parauapebas/PA · view pair in the atlas	20	low precision
Imperatriz/MA · view pair in the atlas	15	low precision
São Paulo/SP · view pair in the atlas	15	low precision

Top 10 destinations of out-migrants from Graça Aranha/MA
Destination	People	Precision
Presidente Dutra/MA · view pair in the atlas	155	low precision

Profile of migrants and residents

In-migrants (arrivals)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	235	44.3%	50-99
Multi-step migration	150	28.3%	20-49
Return to municipality of birth	145	27.4%	50-99

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	140	45.2%	20-49
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	105	33.9%	20-49
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	45	14.5%	5-19
Completed higher education	20	6.5%	5-19

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	185	35.2%	50-99
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	175	33.3%	50-99
½ to 1 minimum wage	125	23.8%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	30	5.7%	5-19
Other / suppressed	10	1.9%	<5

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 25–39, female	85	16.0%	20-49
Ages 25–39, male	60	11.3%	20-49
Ages 5–14, male	60	11.3%	5-19
Ages 40–59, male	60	11.3%	20-49
Ages 5–14, female	55	10.4%	20-49
Ages 15–24, male	55	10.4%	5-19
Ages 40–59, female	55	10.4%	5-19
Ages 15–24, female	45	8.5%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, male	30	5.7%	5-19
Ages 60 and over, female	25	4.7%	5-19

Out-migrants (departures)

Migrant type
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
First move from municipality of birth	260	59.8%	20-49
Multi-step migration	125	28.7%	5-19
Return to municipality of birth	50	11.5%	5-19

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	75	35.7%	5-19
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	60	28.6%	5-19
No schooling or incomplete elementary	50	23.8%	5-19
Other / suppressed	25	11.9%	<5

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
½ to 1 minimum wage	185	41.6%	20-49
1 to 2 minimum wages	110	24.7%	5-19
¼ to ½ minimum wage	65	14.6%	5-19
Other / suppressed	55	12.4%	<5
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	30	6.7%	5-19

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 15–24, female	115	26.1%	5-19
Other / suppressed	105	23.9%	5-19
Ages 15–24, male	85	19.3%	5-19
Ages 25–39, female	75	17.0%	5-19
Ages 25–39, male	60	13.6%	5-19

Non-migrant residents

Educational attainment (people aged 25 and over)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
No schooling or incomplete elementary	2,110	63.5%	>=500
Completed high school, incomplete higher education	545	16.4%	100-499
Completed elementary, incomplete high school	405	12.2%	100-499
Completed higher education	265	8.0%	50-99

Household income per capita (in 2022 minimum wages)
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
¼ to ½ minimum wage	1,780	32.4%	>=500
½ to 1 minimum wage	1,625	29.6%	>=500
Up to ¼ of a minimum wage	1,510	27.5%	>=500
1 to 2 minimum wages	505	9.2%	100-499
More than 2 minimum wages	70	1.3%	20-49

Age and sex
Category	Estimate	Share	Sample
Ages 40–59, female	665	13.2%	100-499
Ages 40–59, male	660	13.1%	100-499
Ages 25–39, male	560	11.1%	100-499
Ages 25–39, female	525	10.4%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, female	505	10.0%	100-499
Ages 5–14, male	455	9.0%	100-499
Ages 15–24, male	435	8.6%	100-499
Ages 15–24, female	415	8.2%	100-499
Ages 60 and over, male	410	8.1%	100-499
Ages 5–14, female	405	8.0%	100-499

Commuting (work and study)

Commuting indicators for Graça Aranha/MA
Employed persons (aged 10 and over)	1,510
Commute out to work in another municipality	260
Commute in from another municipality to work here	75
Net commuting	−180
Out-commuting rate (%)	17.14
Commuting attraction index	0.838
Median commuting time	30 min

Open Graça Aranha/MA in the interactive atlas →

Methodological note

Estimates from the sample microdata of the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE, controlled access), fixed-date migration question (residence on July 31, 2017 compared with residence on July 31, 2022). Every estimate is rounded to multiples of 5 and has passed statistical disclosure control (no cell with fewer than 5 people or 3 sampled households). See the full methodology and the glossary.

How to cite this page

Daniel Pessini Sobreira. Atlas da migração interna no Brasil [Atlas of internal migration in Brazil]: Graça Aranha/MA. Data from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE). Data version: 2026-10-01. Available at: https://atlas-da-migracao.github.io/en/municipio/graca-aranha-ma-2104701/. Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22469791.